comunicable diseases Flashcards
what are communicable diseases
pathogeons that can be passed around
what are non communicable diseases
cant be transmitted
other factors that may cause ill health
diet
stress
life situations (children, location, finance etc)
what is bacteria
small organisms in our body and the enviroment that can produce sick toxins by dividing via binary fission
- usually harmless prokayotes
what are viruses
very small things live and divide in cells destorying them
what are pathogeons
microorganisms such as bacteria viruses and fungi that can cause disease
how can pathogeons spread
by air, when you talk and sneeze which people breathe in
direct contact- lagrely in plants or stds
animals can carry
water- food containing sewage
what did semmelweiss discover
many people would go from medical operations to delivering a baby without washing and those women died a lot more. when a doctor died by cutting himself while working on a dead body he realised it was an infection
how to prevent disease with hygiene
wash hands
keep raw meat away
wash surfaces
cough or sneeze away
how to prevent disease spread
isolate the infected from passing it on
get rid of vector who transmit diseases eg mosquiitos
vaccinate small forms into body
hygiene eg hand washing and disenfectants
what are the symptoms and effects pf measles
fever and red skin which is caused by inhaling other peoples coughs, can cause blindness and brain damage
why is measles rare in the uk
living conditions have improved and there is a vaccination program
symptoms and effects pf HIV
spread by sexual contact and body fluids exchange it can start off as a cold but fully attacks the immune system and developes into aids
how can HIV be stopped
condoms and that and also drugs can prevent developemnt from hiv into aids but only where they are available which is not in most affected reigons
causes and effect of TMV
makes a kinda mosaic pattern which decolourises and stunts growth of leaves
its spread by insects as vectors, contact and infected soil can remain so for 50 years
hiw can you prevent TMV
pest control and good hygiene
ccause and effect of salmonellla
in the gut of animals and if its in our food usually undercooked or underprepared it can get in our bodies and disrupt the gut bacteria balance. you vomit a lot
how to prevent salmonella
chickens are vaccinated against it but you should keep raw meat away from uncooked food and wash a lot
cause and effect of ghonorrea
std so its contact
symptons are gross discharge ew but some get no symptoms. can cause blind babies and infertility
prevention of gonorrea
bacterial so it can be cured with antibiotics except some strains are now resistent to penecillin so thats a problem
also condom
how are scientists using bacterial infections in pllants
crown galls- a mass off new cells grow which is great for modifying cells because it means you can naturally infect plant cells and give them genes and make sure the bacteria carries the genes they want infected
rose blackspot cause and effect
rose blackspot is a fungal disease. like TMV it leaves discoloured spots on leaves ehich weakens the flower because leaves arent available to photosynthesize. the fungus is spread by wind and rain
how is RBS prevented
burning affected leaves and stems
chemical fungicides
what are protists
a single cell organism that can cause diseases usually involving a vector
cause and effect of malaria
caused by protist pathogeons and are spread by mosquitos, female ones who need to eat two human bloods before they cna lay eggs so when she feeds the protist enters the bloodstream. malaria causes fever, shaking and can be very fatal
how to prvent malaria
drugs can stop it but in malaria areas theyre often not available
insecticides and anti mosquito nests
stopping mosquitos from breeding
travellars can take anti mosquito drugs
how does the skin defend against pathogeons
platlets in blood start a clot that covers up wounds from being gotten into
skin produced antimicrobial stuff which destorys pathogeon bacteria
healthy skin has a barrier of microorganisms
how does the nose protect itself against pathogeons
its covered in tiny hairs and mucus that traps anything containing pathogeons, if you are somewhere with lots of pollution ypur mucus will be blackened
how does the trachea protect itself
same with the protective mucus trapping pathogeons
they have tiny hair called cilla that beat the pathoeogns away from the lungs and into the throat to be swallowed
how does stomach protect itself
it produces acid which destroys the pathogeons that were swallowed
three ways white blood cells work against pathogeons
pagoctyes engulf them
they produce antibodies which target particular pathogeons, thpugh they need a unique one they can then easily remake it
they produce antitoxins which balance out toxins released
viral diseases
meales
HIV
TMV
bacterial diseases
salmonella
gonorrhea
crown galls
fungal and protist disease
fungal- RBS
protist- malaria
