comunicable diseases

Question 1

what are communicable diseases

Answer 1

pathogeons that can be passed around

Question 2

what are non communicable diseases

Answer 2

cant be transmitted

Question 3

other factors that may cause ill health

Answer 3

diet
stress
life situations (children, location, finance etc)

Question 4

what is bacteria

Answer 4

small organisms in our body and the enviroment that can produce sick toxins by dividing via binary fission
- usually harmless prokayotes

Question 5

what are viruses

Answer 5

very small things live and divide in cells destorying them

Question 6

what are pathogeons

Answer 6

microorganisms such as bacteria viruses and fungi that can cause disease

Question 7

how can pathogeons spread

Answer 7

by air, when you talk and sneeze which people breathe in
direct contact- lagrely in plants or stds
animals can carry
water- food containing sewage

Question 8

what did semmelweiss discover

Answer 8

many people would go from medical operations to delivering a baby without washing and those women died a lot more. when a doctor died by cutting himself while working on a dead body he realised it was an infection

Question 9

how to prevent disease with hygiene

Answer 9

wash hands
keep raw meat away
wash surfaces
cough or sneeze away

Question 10

how to prevent disease spread

Answer 10

isolate the infected from passing it on
get rid of vector who transmit diseases eg mosquiitos
vaccinate small forms into body
hygiene eg hand washing and disenfectants

Question 11

what are the symptoms and effects pf measles

Answer 11

fever and red skin which is caused by inhaling other peoples coughs, can cause blindness and brain damage

Question 12

why is measles rare in the uk

Answer 12

living conditions have improved and there is a vaccination program

Question 13

symptoms and effects pf HIV

Answer 13

spread by sexual contact and body fluids exchange it can start off as a cold but fully attacks the immune system and developes into aids

Question 14

how can HIV be stopped

Answer 14

condoms and that and also drugs can prevent developemnt from hiv into aids but only where they are available which is not in most affected reigons

Question 15

causes and effect of TMV

Answer 15

makes a kinda mosaic pattern which decolourises and stunts growth of leaves
its spread by insects as vectors, contact and infected soil can remain so for 50 years

Question 16

hiw can you prevent TMV

Answer 16

pest control and good hygiene

Question 17

ccause and effect of salmonellla

Answer 17

in the gut of animals and if its in our food usually undercooked or underprepared it can get in our bodies and disrupt the gut bacteria balance. you vomit a lot

Question 18

how to prevent salmonella

Answer 18

chickens are vaccinated against it but you should keep raw meat away from uncooked food and wash a lot

Question 19

cause and effect of ghonorrea

Answer 19

std so its contact
symptons are gross discharge ew but some get no symptoms. can cause blind babies and infertility

Question 20

prevention of gonorrea

Answer 20

bacterial so it can be cured with antibiotics except some strains are now resistent to penecillin so thats a problem
also condom

Question 21

how are scientists using bacterial infections in pllants

Answer 21

crown galls- a mass off new cells grow which is great for modifying cells because it means you can naturally infect plant cells and give them genes and make sure the bacteria carries the genes they want infected

Question 22

rose blackspot cause and effect

Answer 22

rose blackspot is a fungal disease. like TMV it leaves discoloured spots on leaves ehich weakens the flower because leaves arent available to photosynthesize. the fungus is spread by wind and rain

Question 23

how is RBS prevented

Answer 23

burning affected leaves and stems
chemical fungicides

Question 24

what are protists

Answer 24

a single cell organism that can cause diseases usually involving a vector

Question 25

cause and effect of malaria

Answer 25

caused by protist pathogeons and are spread by mosquitos, female ones who need to eat two human bloods before they cna lay eggs so when she feeds the protist enters the bloodstream. malaria causes fever, shaking and can be very fatal

Question 26

how to prvent malaria

Answer 26

drugs can stop it but in malaria areas theyre often not available
insecticides and anti mosquito nests
stopping mosquitos from breeding
travellars can take anti mosquito drugs

Question 27

how does the skin defend against pathogeons

Answer 27

platlets in blood start a clot that covers up wounds from being gotten into
skin produced antimicrobial stuff which destorys pathogeon bacteria
healthy skin has a barrier of microorganisms

Question 28

how does the nose protect itself against pathogeons

Answer 28

its covered in tiny hairs and mucus that traps anything containing pathogeons, if you are somewhere with lots of pollution ypur mucus will be blackened

Question 29

how does the trachea protect itself

Answer 29

same with the protective mucus trapping pathogeons
they have tiny hair called cilla that beat the pathoeogns away from the lungs and into the throat to be swallowed

Question 30

how does stomach protect itself

Answer 30

it produces acid which destroys the pathogeons that were swallowed

Question 31

three ways white blood cells work against pathogeons

Answer 31

pagoctyes engulf them
they produce antibodies which target particular pathogeons, thpugh they need a unique one they can then easily remake it
they produce antitoxins which balance out toxins released

Question 32

viral diseases

Answer 32

meales
HIV
TMV

Question 33

bacterial diseases

Answer 33

salmonella
gonorrhea
crown galls

Question 34

fungal and protist disease

Answer 34

fungal- RBS
protist- malaria