non communicable diseases Flashcards
what are non communicable diseases
thinsg that cannot be passed around
thinsg affecting our exposure to disease/ risk factors
diet
smoking
fitness
expsoure to smoke and radiation
whats a casual mechanism
how one factor affects another, eg smoking and lung cancer, both can occur alone but it increases the chances of the disease
affect of non comunicable disease
stress can impact indivual and family health as can finances to help them
community have to support ill through hospitals and aiding families
how are tumours formed
cell cycle becomes too rapid and cell divide too fsst until they grow too large
what are benine tumours
huge growth of cells in one place, but can cause pressure to one particuar area like an organ which is bad becayse theres no space for them to grpw
what are mallignant tumours
spreads around and invades healthy tissues. this is what cancer is usually. they can pass around the body into different organs
, can be very diffuclt to treat as they spread and are long lasting
causes of cancer
genetics
tar and that from cigs can change the genetic material anf trigger tumours
radiation can dirupt the cell cycle and cause tumours
viral infections like HPV
ways to treat cancer
radiotherapy targets cells and stops their mitosis so they cant divide, can also target healthy cells
chemo uses chemicals to make the cells self disrupt and theyre being worked on to only affact cancer cells
dangers of gases in cigs
nicotine gives a feeling of calm and is addictive but fairly harmless
carbon monoxide binds to the haemoglobin that stored oxygen and leads to an oxygen shortage
issues with smoking during pragnancy
the carbon monoxide stops the normal oxygen supply getting to the baby which means it cant grow properly. 20% of stillbirths are from smoking
what happens to the cilla and mucus when you smoke
the cilla usually wafts away dirt and pathoegons but smoke stop them from working letting dirt and pathogeons get to the lungs
what happens when tar is in the body
the thick black liquid can build up in the lungs and can break down the alveoli causing COPD, reducing the SA of the lungs so theres less gas exchange and a lack of breath
how does smoking infect the heart
nicotine increases heart rate
narrows blood vessels
damages the lining of the arteries,increases risk of a clot forming
what can eating too much lead to
though you need some fat to store energy and to cushion organs too much can be uncomfy give you diabetes heart disease and blood pressure
how does excersize keep you healthy
excersize increases muscles which increases metablism which keeps you skinny. lowers chloesterol, which stopd fstd building up in arteries
fitter hearts and bigger lungs
two 2 diabetes cuase and effect
caused by obesity, increases with age but can happen whenever.
blood sugar levels cant be controlled by insulin as theres too much
so kidney and eyesight can be affected. by losing weight and being healthy yiu can stop it
how does alch effect the body
its addictive and contains ethanol which slows the nervous system and brain
long term effects of alch
liver tissue is destroyed as it cant combat large amounts
liver cancer
brain damage
alch and pregnancy problems
developing baby liver cant cope with any alch so ti can get FAS or just die
causes and effects of ionising radiation
caused by : UV light, Xrays and aexposure to nuclear chemical areas like chernobyll
it penetrates cells and damages them causing mutations, the more frequent the higher chance of them being cancerous
whats a carcinogen
a risk factor that increases chances of cancer
