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My Packs: UWO (BIO 1001) > Prep101: Cycle 8 > Flashcards

Prep101: Cycle 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we want to determine species, not a hybrid/subspecies/population of a species?

A

Protection agencies can create stronger legal protection for conservation if you are a species

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2
Q

Give an example of how legal protection got stronger after the proper determination of species

A

The right whale was re-classified into three species based on genetic differences:
North Atlantic right whale
North Pacific right whale
Southern right whale

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3
Q

What are the species concepts?

A

Morphological Species Concept
Biological Species Concept
Ecological Species Concept
Phylogenetic Species Concept
Gametic Species Concept

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4
Q

Using mathematical modeling:

How many species are there on earth and in the ocean?

A

8.7 million

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5
Q

How many species do we discover every year?

A

~18,000

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6
Q

What is the single common ancestor to all life today?

A

LUCA

(Last Universal Common Ancestor)

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7
Q

Why is there a hypothesized single common ancestor?

A

Certain traits are considered universal and shared by all forms of life

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8
Q

True or False:

LUCA was the first form of life

A

False, life forms could have pre-existed LUCA but they lifely died off and didn’t lead to the present three living groups

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9
Q

List and state:

Qualities shared by all three lineages of life

A
  1. Have cells made up of lipids
  2. Genetic system is based on DNA-heritable code used by all life on Earth
  3. DNA to RNA to protein transfer of information, same proteins/enzymes do this
  4. Common system of protein assembly
  5. ATP; Uses same “energy currency”, generates the same way (electron transport chain with ATP synthase), use glycolysis to generate pyruvate
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10
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Life likely began on this planet on _ ( _ billion years ago

A

Hydrothermal vent conditions
4

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11
Q

List and explain:

Traits shared by the first forms of life

A
  1. Unicellular: Prokaryotic (bacteria)
  2. Anaerobic: No oxygen in atmosphere yet because no photosynthesis
  3. Autotrophic: Synthesis own organic molecules (a.k.a. food)
  4. Used chemical energy from vent to fuel Electron Transport Chain and produce ATP
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12
Q

State and describe the characteristics of:

The first domain of life

A
  1. Bacteria (4 billion years ago)
  2. Single celled organisms
  3. Reproduce asexually by binary fission
  4. Can carry plasmid DNA
  5. Have no organelles
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13
Q

State and describe the characteristics of:

The second domain of life

A
  1. Archaea (3.5 billion years ago)
  2. Single celled organisms
  3. Adapted to extreme environments
  4. Membrane structures from infolding (nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex)
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14
Q

State and describe the characteristics of:

The third domain of life

A
  1. Eukaryotes (2 billion years ago)
  2. Mitosis and meiosis
  3. Mitochondria not like other organelles (has circular DNA, encode own ribosomes/proteins/enzymes, made through binary fission from existing mitochondria, inner membran contains electron transport chain proteins - VERY SIMILAR TO A BACTERIA)
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15
Q

Describe and give a theory of:

Endosymbiosis

A
  • How ancestral prokaryotes merged leading to eukaryotes
  • E.x. An archaea cell that took up a bacteria, which became its mitochondria
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16
Q

When did the first multicellular organisms evolve?

A

1 billion years ago

17
Q

List

Big ideas from out history

(There are 5)

A
  1. Fossil record gives evidence of both speciation and mass extinction events, but is poor in evidence for soft-bodied organisms or microorganisms
  2. Life has diversified from these ancestors that no longer may exist today
  3. Common characteristics
  4. Origin of eukaryotes and endosymbiosis
  5. Mass extinction events open up habitats for species diversification
18
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous Zero

(State additional misconceptions or MRCAs)

A
  • MRCA of all Humans
  • 3000 years ago
19
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous 1

(State additional info or MRCAs)

A
  • Chimps and Bonobos
  • 5 or 6 million years ago

Misconception: Humans are NOT descendent of chimps, more like cousins

20
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous 2

(State additional info or MRCAs)

A
  • Gorilla
  • 7-8 million years ago

MRCA of all the African great apes

21
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous 3

(State additional info or MRCAs)

A
  • Orangutans

MRCA of all great apes

22
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous 4

A
  • Gibbons
  • 18 million years ago

MRCA of all apes

23
Q

State the time of occurence and species of:

Rendezvous 5 and 6

A
  • Old world and new world monkeys
  • 40 million years ago (new world monkeys)

Old world monkeys are closer cousins of apes

My Packs: UWO (BIO 1001) (13 decks)

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