Cycle 7 (Workshop)

Question 1

Define:
Thelytoky

Answer 1

A type of parthenogenesis where female offspring are produced

Question 2

Define:
Parthenogenesis

Answer 2

Females produce offspring without fertilization from sperm

Question 3

Define:
Arrhenotoky

Answer 3

A type of parthenogenesis where male offspring are produced

Question 4

List types of asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 4

New individuals are genetically identical (bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, adventitious roots)

Question 5

List types of asexual reproduction in animals

Answer 5

Fragmentation, budding, and parthenogenesis

Question 6

List types of sexes in plants

Answer 6

Monoecious, dioecious, hermaphrodites

Question 7

Define:
Monoecious plants

Answer 7

Flowers of both sexes on same plant

Question 8

Define:
Dioecious plants

Answer 8

Male and female flowers are on different plants

Question 9

Define:
Hermaphrodite plants

Answer 9

The flower has male and female parts (but not much self-fertilizing occurs)

Question 10

List sexes in animals

Answer 10

Monoecious hermaphrodite, sequential hermaphrodite, dioecious

Question 11

Define:
Monoecious hermaphrodite animal

Answer 11

Species with male and female sex organs

Question 12

Define:
Dioecious

Answer 12

Individuals of separate sexes

Question 13

Define:
Sequential hermaphrodite animal

Answer 13

Change from male to female or female to male based on a series of cues (olfactory, visual, auditory, tactile)

Question 14

Define:
Protandry

Answer 14

Sex changes from male to female

Question 15

Define:
Protogyny

Answer 15

Sex changes from female to male

Question 16

What are the costs of having different sexes?

Answer 16

Time spent
Male-male competition
Courtship
Rejection
Natural enemies
STDs

Question 17

What are the benefits of having different sexes?

Answer 17

Diversity of offspring (chances for gaining beneficial alleles, and losing negative ones) through sexual reproduction

Question 18

Define:
Monogamy

Answer 18

Mating system with one partner

Question 19

What types of polygamy are there?

Answer 19

Polygyny
Polyandry

Question 20

Define:
Polygyny

Answer 20

Male mating with many females

Question 21

Define:
Polyandry

Answer 21

Female mating with many males

Question 22

What are some examples of courtship behavior and mating?

Answer 22

Visual, auditory, chemical, and tactile

Question 23

What influences which cues are used during mating?

Answer 23

Habitat

Question 24

Define:
“Choosier sex”

Answer 24

The sex that invests more in offspring (higher parental investment)

Question 25

Generally, _______ are the more “choosier sex”

Answer 25

Females (but there are exceptions)

Question 26

Define:
Sexual selection

Answer 26

Where a choosier sex chooses mates based of physical attributes

Question 27

What traits define the “choosier” sex?

Answer 27

The sex that invests more in offspring (higher parental investment)

Question 28

True or False:
Sexual selection can also be dependent on ecological situations

Answer 28

True, in the situation of role reversals

Question 29

What is the male strategy when females choose?

Answer 29

Mate as often as possible, to leave his genes

Question 30

What is a cost of sexual reproduction?

Answer 30

Male-male competition (Intrasexual Competition)

Question 31

Second mating _________ reproductive success of female

Answer 31

Increases

Question 32

List some evolution of adaptations to reduce sperm competition

Answer 32

Increased ejaculate size
Remove sperm from previous mating
Mate guarding

Question 33

How do females choose their mate?

Answer 33

Visual signals (size etc.)
Nuptial gifts
Good gene hypothesis and symmetry
MHC

Question 34

True or False:
More symmetrical implies better genes

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Describe:
MHC

Answer 35

Group of genes on cell surfaces

Question 36

What is the goal in obtaining MHC genes?

Answer 36

Goal is to obtain a diversity of MHC genes for protection of progeny against disease