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My Packs: UWO (BIO 1001) > Cycle 8 (Workshop) > Flashcards

Cycle 8 (Workshop) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the ecological concept of definition of species?

A

Populations that are adapted to specific niches in the environment

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2
Q

What is the morphological concept of definition of species?

A

Individuals of species share measurable traits that distinguish them from other species

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3
Q

What is the biological concept of definition of species?

A

Interbreeding populations that don’t reproduce with other species, all individuals in a species can successfully mate and produce viable, fertile offspring

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4
Q

Define:
Genetic cohesiveness

A

Populations of same species experience gene flow that mixes their genetic material

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5
Q

Define:
Genetic distinctiveness

A

Different species can’t exchange genetic info

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the ecological definition of species?

A

Explains role of environment in speciation

Unable to explain existence of same species in different environments

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7
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the morphological definition of species?

A

Easy to classify physical traits to recognize species

Does not reveal much about evolutionary history
Cannot distinguish different species with similar physical characteristics

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8
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the phylogenetic definition of species?

A

Applies to all groups of organisms (asexual, extinct)

Does not describe gene flow

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9
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the biological definition of species?

A

Testable and describes gene flow of species

Does not apply to asexual and extinct organisms

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10
Q

Define:
Clinal Variation

A

Gradient of traits in a geographic range

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11
Q

Varying environment conditions favor _________ traits, thus _________ occurs within a species

A

Different
Evolution

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12
Q

Define:
Ring species

A

When a population migrates around geographic barrier

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13
Q

True or False:
The two adjacent populations of a ring population cannot interbreed

A

True

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14
Q

Are ring species considered the same species? Why

A

Ring species are considered same species due to shared alleles and gene pool through intermediates

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15
Q

List some prezygotic isolating mechanisms

A

Temporal isolation
Ecological isolation
Mechanical isolation
Behavioral isolation
Gamete mortality (gametic isolation)

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16
Q

Describe temporal isolation

A

Mating at different times

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17
Q

Describe ecological isolation

A

Different habitats

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18
Q

Describe mechanical isolation

A

Different reproductive structures

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19
Q

Describe behavioral isolation

A

Different mating signals (courtship displays)

20
Q

Describe gamete mortality

A

Incompatibility between sperm and egg

21
Q

List some postzygotic isolating mechnisms

A

Hybrid inviability
Hybrid sterility
Hybrid breakdown

22
Q

Describe hybrid inviability

A

Conflicting genes prevents development, fertilization occurs but hybrid is frail or has early death

23
Q

Describe hybrid sterility

A

Survives but unable to produce functional gametes

24
Q

Describe hybrid breakdown

A

Hybrid develops and can mate with other with other hybrids and parent species
Second generation will have higher fatality, lower fertility
Long-term reproductive isolation rather than immediate

25
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Temporal isolation

A

Prezygotic isolating mechanism

26
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Ecological isolation

A

Prezygotic isolating mechanism

27
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Mechanical isolation

A

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

28
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Behavioral isolation

A

Prezygotic isolating mechanisms

29
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Gamete isolation

A

Prezygotic isolating mechanism

30
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Hybrid inviability

A

Postzygotic isolating mechanisms

31
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Hybrid sterility

A

Postzygotic isolating mechanisms

32
Q

Determine the type of isolating mechanisms:
Hybrid Breakdown

A

Postzygotic isolating mechanisms

33
Q

Define:
Allopatric speciation

A

Two populations that are geographically separated, potentially causing evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms

34
Q

Define:
Sympatric Speciation

A

Reproductive isolation that evolves between subgroups that arise with one population

35
Q

Define:
Secondary Contact

A

Two previously isolated populations reunite

36
Q

True or False:
Secondary contact is required for speciation to occur

A

False

37
Q

What are the potential outcomes of secondary contact?

A

Reinforcement
Fusion

38
Q

Describe reinforcement

A

Increases the rate speciation
If reproductive isolation occurs, there is speciation
When the two species are back in contact, they can’t interbreed

39
Q

Describe fusion

A

Slows down the rate of speciation
Populations successfully interbreed, they can “fuse” back together
Gene flow can continue (remains one species)

40
Q

Define:
Autopolyploid Mechanism

A

Chromosomes fail to separate in cell division = no reduction of number of chromosomes = gamete is a different ploidy than parent

41
Q

True or False:
An offspring species occurring from autopolyploidy mechanism can interbreed with original parent species

A

False

42
Q

True or false:
Shared similarities means shared ancestry

A

Not always. Shared similarities might now always reflect shared ancestry, it could be convergent evolution

43
Q

What is MRCA?

A

Most Recent Common Ancestor
The organism from which a set of other organisms are descended

44
Q

What is LUCA?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor
The most recent common ancestor of all living organisms

45
Q

Is LUCA the first thing to have ever lived?

A

No

My Packs: UWO (BIO 1001) (13 decks)

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