Cycle 10 (Workshop) Flashcards
Define:
Intraspecific interactions
Interactions between individuals of the same species
Define:
Interspecific interactions
Interactions between individuals of different species
What is one thing in common with all organisms?
They all want RESOURCES (food, mates, territory, etc.)
Define:
Interference/Contest competition
One organism has the resource and another organism will fight to take it
Define:
Exploitation/Scramble competition
2 or more organisms that will use the same resource, but there’s always going to be one organism that’s going to use up the resource more than the others
What are the two types of competition?
Interference/Contest Competition
Exploitation/Scramble Competition
What are the three major resources for competition?
Food, territory, mates
Describe intraspecific competition for food
Organisms of the same species competing for food (whoever eats the fastest will get more of the resource - exploitation)
Describe interspecific competition for food
Organisms of different species competing for food
Intraspecific vs Interspecific Competition for territory
Intraspecific is when organisms of the same species compete while interspecific is when organisms of the different species compete
Define:
Symbiosis
A close and long term association between 2 species
What are the types of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Predation
Parasitism
Herbivory
Define:
Mutualism
Both species benefit from the association
Define:
Commensalism
One species benefits from the association but the other is unaffected
Define:
Predation
Only one species benefits from the association and the prey is injured or killed
What are two predation strategies?
Sit and Wait
Active Pursuit
Define:
Parasitism
Only one species benefits from the association between the parasite and the host; Affect fitness of the host, but doesn’t result in the host’s direct death
Define:
Herbivory
Similar to parasitism but between herbivores and plants, affect fitness of the plant, but doesn’t result in the plant’s direct death
Define:
Parasite Simple Life Cycle
When a parasite species uses ONE host species to complete their life cycle and survive
What is the parasite simple life cycle also known as?
Direct Life Cycle
Define:
Parasite Complex Life Cycle
When a parasite species uses AT LEAST 2 different host species to complete their life cycle and survive
What is the parasite complex life cycle also known as?
Indirect life cycle
Define:
Parasitoids
When an adult is free living, but its offspring develop in OR on the host and KILL it
___________ is always changing according to the Red Queen Hypothesis
Interactions
What are the 10 main adaptations to reduce enemy impact?
Physical (thorns, shells etc.)
Behavioral (Aggression etc.)
Autonomy (lose a body part)
Chemical (resin, skunks)
Camouflage (blend into environment)
Mimesis (mimics other organism)
Bodyguards (symbiosis)
Herd effect (for herds to defend against predators)
Detection of predators (confusion effect)
Synchronized Emergence (prey all emerge at the same time)
What is the ecology of fear?
While interactions with predators may not result in death, it can change behaviours
What are food webs?
Complex interaction of species within an environment
Define:
Guild
Share at least one prey and occupy the same trophic level
What is host manipulation?
A parasite-induce alteration of a host’s phenotype that increases parasite fitness
True or False:
Host manipulation improves the probability of transmission
True, it can however lead to dead ends as the transmission may not be ideal
Define:
Intraguild Predation
The killing and sometimes eating of a potential competitor of a different species
Define:
Keystone species
A species that has a large effect on its environment
