Preoperative Medications Flashcards
What does NPO mean?
Nothing by mouth
What are given to relieve anxiety, which is common in surgical patients?
Sedatives
These drugs produce a mild drowsiness, and they may have amnestic (pertaining to amnesia) and antiemetic effects, What is this?
Sedatives
What are the most common sedatives used preoperatively?
Benzodiazepines
Diazepam (Valium) is what family of drugs?
Benzodiazepine
Lorazepam (Ativan) is what family of drugs?
Benzodiazepine
Midazolam (Versed) is what family of drugs?
Benzodiazepine
When indicated for analgesia, what may be administered preoperatively?
opioids
People with this don’t remember events that led up to a particular event? (such as the time immediately before a motor vehicle accident)
Retrograde amnesia
Patients with this type of amnesia don’t remember events that occur from a point forward-forward in time?
Anterograde amnesia
Morphine (Astramorph, Duramorph) are?
Natural opioid
Meperidine (Demerol) and Fentanyl (Sublimaze) are the common what?
synthetic opioids
What are agents that block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, inhibiting the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses?
Anticholinergics
What are the anticholinergics most frequently used?
atropine, glycopyrrolate (Robinul), and scopolamine
What are used to chemically neutralize gastric acid already present in the stomach?
Antacids
Sodium citrate (Bicitra) is?
Antacids
What are agents administered preoperatively to reduce nausea and minimize the possibility of postoperative nausea and vomiting in at risk patients?
Antiemetics
Who is more likely to experience PONV?
females
What is the trade name for Diazepam?
Valium
What is the trade name for Midazolam?
Versed
What is the trade name for Glycopyrrolate?
Robinul
Classification is a patient with severe systemic disease
P3
classification is Added to the classification to indicate an emergency procedure. (An emergency is defined as existing when delay in treatment of the patient would lead to a significant increase in the threat to life or body part)
E
pain relief; literally “without pain preoperatively
Analgesia
Both _______ and ______ cross the blood-brain barrier, so they can also cause sedation and amnesia
atropine and scopolamine
Risk of aspiration is highest at ______ and ______
intubation and extubation
Gastric acid normally has an acidity, or pH, of ____ to ____ .
2 to 3.
The most common H2 blockers given preoperatively are ________ and _______
famotidine (Pepcid) and ranitidine (Zantac).
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) medications are _________, _________, ________, __________, and _______.
omeprazole (Prilosec),
lansoprazole (Prevacid),
esomeprazole (Nexium),
pantoprazole (Protonix),
rabeprazole (AcipHex).
The patient will remain conscious but may not remember events that occur once the ________ is administered.
sedative
