General Anesthesia Flashcards
Propofol (Diprivan) is classified as a/an
Anesthetic
General anesthetic drugs are most commonly administered by what route?
Inhalation and intravenous
Steps of induction
Preoxygenation with 100% oxygen, administration of propofol, administration of muscle relaxant, intubation
Emergence is a term used to describe when the patient:
Is brought from an unconscious state to a conscious state.
A fasciculation is a/an:
Muscle contraction
During what stage of anesthesia does the excitement stage occur?
Induction
Succinlcholine
Depolaring Neuromuscular Blocker
Reversal agent (Neuromuscular Antagonist)
Neostigmine
Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
Rocuronium
Isoflurane is marketed under what trade name?
Forane
What muscle relaxants has no reversal agent and must be allowed to wear off?
Anectine
A supraglottic airway is also known as a(n)
LMA
Cardiac arrhythmias are often observed in surgical patients with imbalances of which electrolytes?
Potassium
5 phases of general anesthesia:
- Preinduction
- Induction
- Maintenance
- Emergence
- Recovery
Process used to secure and control the airway quickly
rapid sequence induction (RSI)
As the procedure is complete, the ________ phase begins, during which anesthetic agents are discontinued and allowed to wear off, the patient begins to awaken and the airway is removed (extubation replaced with O2 mask)
emergence
Trade name for Ketamine:
Ketalar
Trade name for Propofol:
Diprivan
The most commonly used agent for induction, ________, is injected intravenously and produces an unconscious state within a minute. It has a characteristic milky white appearance.
Propofol (Diprivan)
The depolarizing succinylcholine may trigger…
malignant hypothermia
What type of neuromuscular blocking agent is succinylcholine?
depolarizing
Which one of the inhalation agents is a gas, not a vapor?
Nitrous oxide
Muscle relaxants produces fasciculations?
Succinylcholine
Trade name for succinylcholine
Anectine
Opioids are reversed using
Narcan
Why might lidocaine be administered in management of cardiac arrest?
to treat ventricular arrhythmias
Which medication is administered intravenously for anaphylaxis when it occurs under general anesthesia?
Dopamine
Which medication used to manage laryngospasm with oxygen desaturation after extubation?
Anectine
involuntary contraction of the bronchi
bronchospasm
hypnotic agent
Etomidate (Amidate)
Analgesic, used during induction phase prior to intubation and may be used in maintenance phase if patient responds to painful stimuli. May be used in recovery phase if patient complains of pain.
Alfentanil and Fentanyl
Non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker.
Duration 30-40min total 50mins.
Rocuronium
Reversal for non depolarizing muscle relaxants used during the emergence phase.
Neostigmine
Benzodiazepine used in the preinduction phase to alleviate anxiety and cause retrograde amnesia.
Versed
combination of inhalation and intravenous agents to accomplish general anesthesia.
Balanced anesthesia
4 Stages of Anesthesia
1) Amnesia
2) Delirium
3) Surgical Anesthesia
4) Overdose
What is cricoid pressure?
- aka Sellick maneuver
- gently compresses the esophagus
- reduces risk of gastric contents entering the trachea and lungs
- facilitates visualization of vocal cords
How long is cricoid pressure maintained?
Until the ET tube is in correct position
Common complication during emergence from general anesthesia
Hypoxia
When general anesthesia is used, what stage is the eyelid reflex lost
Stage II - when patient loses consciouness
Barbiturate that might be used for sleep the night before surgery
Secobarbital
General and regional anesthesia contribute to body heat loss by causing
Vasodilation
