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SFA 203 > Fluids and Irrigation Solutions > Flashcards

Fluids and Irrigation Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fluids two distinct compartments?

A

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

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2
Q

What plays and important part in the sodium-potassium pump and also activates enzymes required to break down adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A

Magnesium

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3
Q

Function is osmotic pressure, nerve impulse transmission?

A

Sodium (NA+) (electrolyte)

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4
Q

What are the two electrolytes with the particular importance to surgery?

A

Calcium and Potassium

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5
Q

What is involved in blood-clotting process, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, and cardiac function?

A

Calcium

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6
Q

Too much calcium?

A

hypercalcemia

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7
Q

Too little calcium?

A

hypocalcemia

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8
Q

Too much Potassium is called?

A

hyperkalemia

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9
Q

Too little Potassium is called?

A

hypokalemia

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10
Q

Normal potassium levels

A

3.5 to 5 mEq/L

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11
Q

Why is Potassium and Calcium imbalance of special concern in surgical patients?

A

Because of increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias or arrest when a general anesthetic is administered.

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12
Q

What is it called when there is too much sodium in the body?

A

hypernatremia

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13
Q

What is it called when there is too little sodium in the body?

A

hyponatremia

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14
Q

What is the component Normal saline (0.9%) abbreviation?

A

NaCl, NS

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15
Q

What is the component Ringer lactate abbreviation?

A

RL

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16
Q

What is the component Sodium chloride abbreviation?

A

NaCl

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17
Q

What is the component Dextrose abbreviation?

A

D

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18
Q

What is the agent of choice for fluid replacement or simple hydration and one of the most common IV fluid used in surgery?

A

Sodium chloride (NaCl) in a 0.9% solution (isotonic)

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19
Q

Dextrose 10% in normal saline (D10NS) is used for what?

A

Replenish nutrients and electrolytes

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20
Q

What is used for temporary treatment of circulatory insufficiency and shock due to hypovolemia, in the absence of a plasma extender, and for early treatment with plasma for loss of fluid due to burns?

A

D5NS (Dextrose 5% normal saline)

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21
Q

Why isn’t dextrose used in conjunction with transfusion of blood products?

A

Because it causes hemolysis of blood cells

22
Q

What are used to treat the massive loss of water and electrolytes seen in uncontrolled vomiting or diarrhea? Also the composition of these solutions is similar to the plasma portion of blood.

A

Plasma-Lyte and Isolyte E

23
Q

What is a protein responsible for transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the cells?

A

hemoglobin (contained in erythrocytes)

24
Q

What provides protection against foreign microbes by phagocytosis and antibody production?

A

Leukocytes

25
Q

What medicates the clotting process?

26
Q

Contains Neither A nor B antigens (in RBC) and Anti-A and anti-B antibodies

27
Q

What patients can receive red blood cells from all blood types?

28
Q

What is the most common indication for blood replacement in surgery?

A

hypovolemia

29
Q

What may be administered when clotting factors are needed in addition to circulating volume?

30
Q

What are administered in surgery when large amounts of donor blood have been used to replace the patient’s volume?

31
Q

What is it called when a patient can donate their own blood prior to surgery?

A

autologous

32
Q

What are used to increase the total volume of body fluid when hypovolemia occurs?

A

Volume expanders

33
Q

What expands plasma volume by drawing fluid from the interstitial space to the intravascular fluid space?

34
Q

What is used prophylactically for thrombosis and embolism?

35
Q

What is available in concentrations of 5% which is equal to plasma, or as a concentrated 25% in sodium chloride solution?

36
Q

What is also a synthetic used for its osmotic properties?

A

Hetastarch (Hespan)

37
Q

normal hemoglobin for adult females

A

12 to 16 g/100mL

38
Q

normal hemoglobin for adult males

A

14 to 18 g/100mL

39
Q

1.5% is a sterile nonconducting fluid used to irrigate body cavities?

40
Q

Major electrolytes

A

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, and Carbonic Acid

41
Q

Components of Blood

A

Formed Elements (45%) - erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC), and platelets (clotting).
Plasma (55%)

42
Q

Clumping of red blood cells

A

Aggulation

43
Q

any fluid that can be given IV can be given through this line that stops at superior vene cava

A

central line

44
Q

peripherally inserted central catheter

45
Q

measures percentage of RBC’s in blood

A

Hematocrit Test

46
Q

patients on ________ need ________ checked before surgery?

A

diuretics; potassium level

47
Q

what is the normal potassium range?

48
Q

what does isotonic solution mean?

A

it has the same salt as cells and blood in the body

49
Q

what is the other (2nd most common) solution used in surgery?

A

Lactated Ringers

50
Q

when can autotransfusion not be used?

A

when there are cancer cells present, infection, or gross contamination

51
Q

If hyperkalemia is left untreated what can occur/

A

Ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (can lead to death)

52
Q

This ECG pattern is consistent with which electrolyte abnormality?

A

Hyperkalemia, peaked T weaves

SFA 203 (15 decks)

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