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SFA 203 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

The term antimicrobial applies to

A

antibacterials, antiprotozals, antifungals and antiparasitics. Also drugs such as sulfa and mercury

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2
Q

bacteria are the cause of what?

A

SSI’s

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3
Q

antimicrobial agents are used in surgery and are called?

A

antibacterials

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4
Q

what are antibacterials more commonly known as?

A

antibiotics

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5
Q

antibiotics means what?

A

anti-without. bios=life antibiotics=without life

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6
Q

what is the most common cause of SSI’s?

A

staphlococcus aureus

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7
Q

where does staphlococcus aureus live?

A

on healthy skin

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8
Q

antibiotics are used in surgery to

A

help prevent SSI’s and to treat infections caused by bacterial pathogens

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9
Q

antibiotics can be prescribed?

A

peroperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively

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10
Q

what does SCIP stand for?

A

Surgical Care Improvement Project

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11
Q

what are the 5 proper uses of antibiotics?

A

-the proper selection of antibiotic
-the correct timing of administration before incision
-the proper discontinuation after surgery
-the proper identification of the person administering
-and the proper documentation and verification of the antibiotic

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12
Q

what are antibiotics derived from?

A

natural chemicals

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13
Q

other antimicrobials such as sulfa’s and flouro’s are derived from?

A

labs made by chemical synthesis

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14
Q

pathogens must have what to cause an infection?

A

a source, means of transmission, and a susceptible host

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15
Q

the source for a pathogen to cause an infection can be?

A

endogenous or exogenous

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16
Q

from the patients own bacteria

A

endogenous

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17
Q

from an outside source other than the patient

A

exogenous

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18
Q

what is used to identify pathogens?

A

gram stains and culture and sensitivity tests

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19
Q

the study of shapes of bacteria

A

morphology

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20
Q

what are the three types of shapes bacteria can be?

A

bacilli, cocci, and spirals

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21
Q

what shape are bacilli bacteria?

A

rods

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22
Q

what shape are cocci bacteria?

A

round

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23
Q

what shape are spiral bacteria?

A

spiral

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24
Q

what is a culture and sensitivity test?

A

it grows the microbes to determine what antibiotics will kill them

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25
Q

what does aerobic mean?

A

with oxygen

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26
Q

what does anaerobic mean?

A

without oxygen

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27
Q

what type of gram stain is the result when the cell wall takes up pink?

A

gram negative

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28
Q

what type of gram stain is the result when the cell wall takes up purple?

A

gram positive

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29
Q

what inhibits cell wall action?

A

cephalosporins, penicillins, and vancomycins

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30
Q

single celled organisms, without a nucleus, have small ribosomes, and have a cell wall as a plasma membrane

A

prokaryotes

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31
Q

multicellular, have a nucleus and plasma membrane and large ribosomes

A

eukaryotes

32
Q

what does bactericidal mean?

A

kills bacteria

33
Q

what does bacteriostatic mean?

A

inhibits growth of bacteria

34
Q

what does broad spectrum mean?

A

there is a wide range of activity

35
Q

what do broad spectrum antibiotics usually have an effect on?

A

both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

36
Q

what are the major groups of antibiotics within the beta-lactam class?

A

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems

37
Q

what antibiotic was the first true antibiotic?

A

penicillins

38
Q

what are cephalosporins?

A

a broad spectrum antibiotic

39
Q

what are cephalosporins used for?

A

prophylaxis

40
Q

what are examples of bacteriostatic agents?

A

erythromycins and tetracyclines

41
Q

developed by WHO, is a tool that can be used to help ensure compliance with established standards for antibiotic administration, checklist has three sections.

A

Surgical Patient Checklist

42
Q

the ability of some strains of pathogenic microbes to prevent or withstand the activity of antimicrobial agents

A

Antibiotic Resistance

43
Q

S. Aureus strains resistant to all penicillins. Difficult to treat with first line agents.

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

44
Q

enteric (digestive tract) bacteria developed resistance to vancomycin

A

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

45
Q

may be prescribed before dental or other medical procedures to prevent bacterial infection to the heart (endocarditis) in patients with prosthetic heart valves.

A

Penicillins

46
Q

Ancef & Kefzol (first generation cephalosporin)

A

cefazolin

47
Q

Bactericidal. Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to bacterial (prokaryotic ribosomes) and create small holes in bacterial cell membrane causing leakage.
Major adverse effects include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

A

Amingoglycosides

48
Q

used topically only in the form of drops or ointment due to significant adverse effects associated with systemic absorption.

A

Neomycin

49
Q

available in an ophthalmic preparation under the trade name Tobrex

A

Tobramycin

50
Q

first broad spectrum antibiotics, originally obtained from cultures of Streptomyces. Bacteriostatic in action, bind to bacterial ribosomal subunit, interfering with protein synthesis.
Used to treat acne and rickettsial infections.

A

Tetracyclines

51
Q

toxic or harmful to the kidney

A

Nephrotoxicity

52
Q

Toxic or harmful to the ear

A

Ototoxicity

53
Q

What are major adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

54
Q

Who discovered penicillin?

A

Alexander Fleming

55
Q

Tetracylines are…

a.) bactericidal
b.) bacteriostatic
c.)narrow spectrum
d.) antibiotic resistant

A

B.) Bacteriostatic

56
Q

Commonly used for urinary tract infections…

a.) Tetracyclines
b.) Cephalosporins
c.)Macrolides
d.) Fluoroquinolones

A

D.) Fluoroquinolones

57
Q

Affinity for bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis

A

Cleocin(Clindamycin)

58
Q

Prophylaxis for colorectal procedures.

A

Flagyl (Metronidazole)

59
Q

Commonly used in irrigation.

A

Bacitracin

60
Q

Treatment of nasal staph aureus.

A

Bactorban Nasal (mupirocin ointment 2%)

61
Q

A topical antimicrobial agent containing sulfa and silver salts that is used in dressings for burn patients

A

Silvadene (Silver sulfadiazine)

62
Q

Trade name of Cefazolin

A

Ancef

63
Q

Trade name of Gentamicin

A

Garamycin, Jenamicin

64
Q

Trade name of Cephalexin

A

Keflex

65
Q

Trade name of Cefoxitin

A

Mefoxin

66
Q

Trade name of Benzathine penicillin G

A

Bicillin

67
Q

Trade name of Ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro

68
Q

Trade name of Ofloxacin

A

Floxin

69
Q

Trade name of Silver sulfadiazine

A

Silverdine

70
Q

Trade name of Clindamycin

A

Cleocin

71
Q

Trade name of Metronidazole

A

Flagyl

72
Q

Trade name of Vancomycin

A

Vanocin

73
Q

Trade name of Neomycin and polymixin B

A

Neosporin GU

74
Q

Trade name of Mupirocin

A

Bactroban

75
Q

Trade name of Bacitracin

A

Bacitracin

SFA 203 (15 decks)

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