Antibiotics

Question 1

The term antimicrobial applies to

Answer 1

antibacterials, antiprotozals, antifungals and antiparasitics. Also drugs such as sulfa and mercury

Question 2

bacteria are the cause of what?

Answer 2

SSI’s

Question 3

antimicrobial agents are used in surgery and are called?

Answer 3

antibacterials

Question 4

what are antibacterials more commonly known as?

Answer 4

antibiotics

Question 5

antibiotics means what?

Answer 5

anti-without. bios=life antibiotics=without life

Question 6

what is the most common cause of SSI’s?

Answer 6

staphlococcus aureus

Question 7

where does staphlococcus aureus live?

Answer 7

on healthy skin

Question 8

antibiotics are used in surgery to

Answer 8

help prevent SSI’s and to treat infections caused by bacterial pathogens

Question 9

antibiotics can be prescribed?

Answer 9

peroperatively, intraoperatively or postoperatively

Question 10

what does SCIP stand for?

Answer 10

Surgical Care Improvement Project

Question 11

what are the 5 proper uses of antibiotics?

Answer 11

-the proper selection of antibiotic
-the correct timing of administration before incision
-the proper discontinuation after surgery
-the proper identification of the person administering
-and the proper documentation and verification of the antibiotic

Question 12

what are antibiotics derived from?

Answer 12

natural chemicals

Question 13

other antimicrobials such as sulfa’s and flouro’s are derived from?

Answer 13

labs made by chemical synthesis

Question 14

pathogens must have what to cause an infection?

Answer 14

a source, means of transmission, and a susceptible host

Question 15

the source for a pathogen to cause an infection can be?

Answer 15

endogenous or exogenous

Question 16

from the patients own bacteria

Answer 16

endogenous

Question 17

from an outside source other than the patient

Answer 17

exogenous

Question 18

what is used to identify pathogens?

Answer 18

gram stains and culture and sensitivity tests

Question 19

the study of shapes of bacteria

Answer 19

morphology

Question 20

what are the three types of shapes bacteria can be?

Answer 20

bacilli, cocci, and spirals

Question 21

what shape are bacilli bacteria?

Answer 21

rods

Question 22

what shape are cocci bacteria?

Answer 22

round

Question 23

what shape are spiral bacteria?

Answer 23

spiral

Question 24

what is a culture and sensitivity test?

Answer 24

it grows the microbes to determine what antibiotics will kill them

Question 25

what does aerobic mean?

Answer 25

with oxygen

Question 26

what does anaerobic mean?

Answer 26

without oxygen

Question 27

what type of gram stain is the result when the cell wall takes up pink?

Answer 27

gram negative

Question 28

what type of gram stain is the result when the cell wall takes up purple?

Answer 28

gram positive

Question 29

what inhibits cell wall action?

Answer 29

cephalosporins, penicillins, and vancomycins

Question 30

single celled organisms, without a nucleus, have small ribosomes, and have a cell wall as a plasma membrane

Answer 30

prokaryotes

Question 31

multicellular, have a nucleus and plasma membrane and large ribosomes

Answer 31

eukaryotes

Question 32

what does bactericidal mean?

Answer 32

kills bacteria

Question 33

what does bacteriostatic mean?

Answer 33

inhibits growth of bacteria

Question 34

what does broad spectrum mean?

Answer 34

there is a wide range of activity

Question 35

what do broad spectrum antibiotics usually have an effect on?

Answer 35

both gram positive and gram negative bacteria

Question 36

what are the major groups of antibiotics within the beta-lactam class?

Answer 36

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems

Question 37

what antibiotic was the first true antibiotic?

Answer 37

penicillins

Question 38

what are cephalosporins?

Answer 38

a broad spectrum antibiotic

Question 39

what are cephalosporins used for?

Answer 39

prophylaxis

Question 40

what are examples of bacteriostatic agents?

Answer 40

erythromycins and tetracyclines

Question 41

developed by WHO, is a tool that can be used to help ensure compliance with established standards for antibiotic administration, checklist has three sections.

Answer 41

Surgical Patient Checklist

Question 42

the ability of some strains of pathogenic microbes to prevent or withstand the activity of antimicrobial agents

Answer 42

Antibiotic Resistance

Question 43

S. Aureus strains resistant to all penicillins. Difficult to treat with first line agents.

Answer 43

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Question 44

enteric (digestive tract) bacteria developed resistance to vancomycin

Answer 44

Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Question 45

may be prescribed before dental or other medical procedures to prevent bacterial infection to the heart (endocarditis) in patients with prosthetic heart valves.

Answer 45

Penicillins

Question 46

Ancef & Kefzol (first generation cephalosporin)

Answer 46

cefazolin

Question 47

Bactericidal. Interfere with protein synthesis by binding to bacterial (prokaryotic ribosomes) and create small holes in bacterial cell membrane causing leakage. Major adverse effects include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Answer 47

Amingoglycosides

Question 48

used topically only in the form of drops or ointment due to significant adverse effects associated with systemic absorption.

Answer 48

Neomycin

Question 49

available in an ophthalmic preparation under the trade name Tobrex

Answer 49

Tobramycin

Question 50

first broad spectrum antibiotics, originally obtained from cultures of Streptomyces. Bacteriostatic in action, bind to bacterial ribosomal subunit, interfering with protein synthesis. Used to treat acne and rickettsial infections.

Answer 50

Tetracyclines

Question 51

toxic or harmful to the kidney

Answer 51

Nephrotoxicity

Question 52

Toxic or harmful to the ear

Answer 52

Ototoxicity

Question 53

What are major adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 53

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 54

Who discovered penicillin?

Answer 54

Alexander Fleming

Question 55

Tetracylines are... a.) bactericidal b.) bacteriostatic c.)narrow spectrum d.) antibiotic resistant

Answer 55

B.) Bacteriostatic

Question 56

Commonly used for urinary tract infections... a.) Tetracyclines b.) Cephalosporins c.)Macrolides d.) Fluoroquinolones

Answer 56

D.) Fluoroquinolones

Question 57

Affinity for bone. Treatment of osteomyelitis

Answer 57

Cleocin(Clindamycin)

Question 58

Prophylaxis for colorectal procedures.

Answer 58

Flagyl (Metronidazole)

Question 59

Commonly used in irrigation.

Answer 59

Bacitracin

Question 60

Treatment of nasal staph aureus.

Answer 60

Bactorban Nasal (mupirocin ointment 2%)

Question 61

A topical antimicrobial agent containing sulfa and silver salts that is used in dressings for burn patients

Answer 61

Silvadene (Silver sulfadiazine)

Question 62

Trade name of Cefazolin

Answer 62

Ancef

Question 63

Trade name of Gentamicin

Answer 63

Garamycin, Jenamicin

Question 64

Trade name of Cephalexin

Answer 64

Keflex

Question 65

Trade name of Cefoxitin

Answer 65

Mefoxin

Question 66

Trade name of Benzathine penicillin G

Answer 66

Bicillin

Question 67

Trade name of Ciprofloxacin

Answer 67

Cipro

Question 68

Trade name of Ofloxacin

Answer 68

Floxin

Question 69

Trade name of Silver sulfadiazine

Answer 69

Silverdine

Question 70

Trade name of Clindamycin

Answer 70

Cleocin

Question 71

Trade name of Metronidazole

Answer 71

Flagyl

Question 72

Trade name of Vancomycin

Answer 72

Vanocin

Question 73

Trade name of Neomycin and polymixin B

Answer 73

Neosporin GU

Question 74

Trade name of Mupirocin

Answer 74

Bactroban

Question 75

Trade name of Bacitracin

Answer 75

Bacitracin