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SFA 203 > Basic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Basic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

We use what from Animals to provide a source for drugs?

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Thrombin (thrombogen) is made from

A

cattle

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3
Q

what comes from the urine of pregnant horses?

A

Conjugated estrogen (Premarin)

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4
Q

What is an example of an antacid made from minerals?

A

Calcium (tums), magnesium hydroxides (mylanta)

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5
Q

What is an example of an antimicrobial made from minerals?

A

Silver salts (silvadene cream)

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6
Q

How are synthetic drugs made?

A

In chemical laboratories from chemicals

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7
Q

Most common drugs are either made as

A

Synthetic or Semisynthetic

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8
Q

Humulin is

A

Human insulin

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9
Q

Nutropin is

A

Human growth hormone

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10
Q

Thyrogen is

A

Human thyroid-stimulating

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11
Q

How are biotechnology drugs given?

A

By injection only

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12
Q

What are the four drug classifications?

A

Therapeutic action, physiologic action, affected body system, and chemical type.

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13
Q

define therapeutic action

A

what the drug does for the patient

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14
Q

define physiologic action

A

what the drug does in the body

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15
Q

define affected body system

A

what the drug affects

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16
Q

define chemical type

A

what the drug is

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17
Q

“An” means

A

without

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18
Q

“esthesia” means

A

sensation

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19
Q

“anesthesia” means

A

without sensation

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20
Q

Why does the DEA require specific information on a script?

A

For controlled substances

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21
Q

what does PRN stand for

A

When needed

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22
Q

what are the four drug FORMS?

A

Solid, Semisolid, Liquid, Gases

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23
Q

what FORM is rarely used in the OR?

A

Solid

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24
Q

What does freeze dried and powders require to make a solution?

A

Sterile water or saline

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25
Q

What are the liquid FORMS?

A

Solutions, suspension, and emulsion

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26
Q

What is suspension

A

a drug undissolved in liquid

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27
Q

What is emulsion?

A

a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier

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28
Q

What are examples of gases?

A

Nitrous oxide (N20) and suprane (desflurane)

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29
Q

cap=

A

capsule

30
Q

ggts=

A

drops

31
Q

soln=

A

solution

32
Q

susp=

A

suspension

33
Q

tab=

A

tablet

34
Q

ung=

A

ointment

35
Q

What are the two drug administration routes?

A

Enteral and parenteral

36
Q

What is a parenteral route?

A

Any route other than by way of the digestive tract

37
Q

What administration route is absorbed slowly through the skin or absorbs rapidly when applied to blood supply or mucus membrane?

A

Topical (parental)

38
Q

What administration route is injected beneath the skin layer in the subcutaneous tissue?

A

Subcutaneous

39
Q

What administration route are given in large muscle masses?

A

Intramuscular

40
Q

intravenous=

A

absorbs directly into the bloodstream

41
Q

Interthecal=

A

into spinal subarachnoid space

42
Q

The study of how the body processes drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

43
Q

The amount of drug that reaches the site of action depends on

A

the patients circulatory system

44
Q

All drugs eventually make it where?

A

To the liver.

45
Q

The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body on both molecular and physiological levels

A

pharmacodynamics

46
Q

what is an agonist?

A

an attraction

47
Q

multiple drugs can do what?

A

cancel each other out to reduce each others effects

48
Q

what is an antidote for a patient on warfarin that is over anticoagulated?

A

Vitamin K

49
Q

What cancels out the effects of warfarin?

A

Vitamin K

50
Q

the time between onset and disappearance of drug effect

A

duration

51
Q

predictable but unintended effects of a drug

A

side effect

52
Q

An undesired potentially harmful side effect of drugs

A

adverse effect

53
Q

an adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or similar drug.

A

hypersensitivity

54
Q

another type of adverse effect. Rare, unpredictable and unavoidable

A

idiosyncratic effect

55
Q

a drug that enhances the effect of another drug

A

synergist

56
Q

a reason or purpose for giving the medication

A

indication

57
Q

a reason against giving a medication

A

contraindication

58
Q

the time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of the effects

A

onset

59
Q

BID=

A

twice per day

60
Q

q=

A

every

61
Q

qh=

A

every hour

62
Q

q2h=

A

every 2 hours

63
Q

qid=

A

four times a day

64
Q

PO=

A

by mouth

65
Q

KVO/KTO=

A

keep vein open/to keep open

66
Q

sos=

A

once if necessary

67
Q

Drugs that are synthesized from laboratory chemicals. ex. penicillin was extracted from mold

A

Synthetic drugs

68
Q

the process by which a drugs chemical composition is changed usually occurs in the liver.

A

biotransformation (metabolism)

Factors affecting biotransformation? Liver “health” ex. cirrhosis and first-pass effect (where most of the drug is broken apart by the liver before its activated)

Biotransformation may also take place in plasma, lungs, GI tract, or kidneys.

69
Q

drugs being given all at once as opposed to by flow infusion

A

bolus

70
Q

What is the most common emulsion used in surgery?

A

Propofol (Diprivan)

71
Q

what are 3 variations of the topical route?

A
  1. Instillation into a mucous membrane BY eye, nose, urethra
    ex.) tetracaine (Pontocaine) - eyes
    * oxymetazoline (Afrin) - nasal cavity
    * lidocaine (Xylocaine) jelly - numbs urethra
  2. Inhalation, ex. inhaling anesthetic gases or asthmatic drugs - inhaler
  3. Contrast media - chromotubation (pushed into blood stream)

SFA 203 (15 decks)

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