Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

We use what from Animals to provide a source for drugs?

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

Thrombin (thrombogen) is made from

Answer 2

cattle

Question 3

what comes from the urine of pregnant horses?

Answer 3

Conjugated estrogen (Premarin)

Question 4

What is an example of an antacid made from minerals?

Answer 4

Calcium (tums), magnesium hydroxides (mylanta)

Question 5

What is an example of an antimicrobial made from minerals?

Answer 5

Silver salts (silvadene cream)

Question 6

How are synthetic drugs made?

Answer 6

In chemical laboratories from chemicals

Question 7

Most common drugs are either made as

Answer 7

Synthetic or Semisynthetic

Question 8

Humulin is

Answer 8

Human insulin

Question 9

Nutropin is

Answer 9

Human growth hormone

Question 10

Thyrogen is

Answer 10

Human thyroid-stimulating

Question 11

How are biotechnology drugs given?

Answer 11

By injection only

Question 12

What are the four drug classifications?

Answer 12

Therapeutic action, physiologic action, affected body system, and chemical type.

Question 13

define therapeutic action

Answer 13

what the drug does for the patient

Question 14

define physiologic action

Answer 14

what the drug does in the body

Question 15

define affected body system

Answer 15

what the drug affects

Question 16

define chemical type

Answer 16

what the drug is

Question 17

“An” means

Answer 17

without

Question 18

“esthesia” means

Answer 18

sensation

Question 19

“anesthesia” means

Answer 19

without sensation

Question 20

Why does the DEA require specific information on a script?

Answer 20

For controlled substances

Question 21

what does PRN stand for

Answer 21

When needed

Question 22

what are the four drug FORMS?

Answer 22

Solid, Semisolid, Liquid, Gases

Question 23

what FORM is rarely used in the OR?

Answer 23

Solid

Question 24

What does freeze dried and powders require to make a solution?

Answer 24

Sterile water or saline

Question 25

What are the liquid FORMS?

Answer 25

Solutions, suspension, and emulsion

Question 26

What is suspension

Answer 26

a drug undissolved in liquid

Question 27

What is emulsion?

Answer 27

a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier

Question 28

What are examples of gases?

Answer 28

Nitrous oxide (N20) and suprane (desflurane)

Question 29

cap=

Answer 29

capsule

Question 30

ggts=

Answer 30

drops

Question 31

soln=

Answer 31

solution

Question 32

susp=

Answer 32

suspension

Question 33

tab=

Answer 33

tablet

Question 34

ung=

Answer 34

ointment

Question 35

What are the two drug administration routes?

Answer 35

Enteral and parenteral

Question 36

What is a parenteral route?

Answer 36

Any route other than by way of the digestive tract

Question 37

What administration route is absorbed slowly through the skin or absorbs rapidly when applied to blood supply or mucus membrane?

Answer 37

Topical (parental)

Question 38

What administration route is injected beneath the skin layer in the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 38

Subcutaneous

Question 39

What administration route are given in large muscle masses?

Answer 39

Intramuscular

Question 40

intravenous=

Answer 40

absorbs directly into the bloodstream

Question 41

Interthecal=

Answer 41

into spinal subarachnoid space

Question 42

The study of how the body processes drugs

Answer 42

Pharmacokinetics

Question 43

The amount of drug that reaches the site of action depends on

Answer 43

the patients circulatory system

Question 44

All drugs eventually make it where?

Answer 44

To the liver.

Question 45

The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body on both molecular and physiological levels

Answer 45

pharmacodynamics

Question 46

what is an agonist?

Answer 46

an attraction

Question 47

multiple drugs can do what?

Answer 47

cancel each other out to reduce each others effects

Question 48

what is an antidote for a patient on warfarin that is over anticoagulated?

Answer 48

Vitamin K

Question 49

What cancels out the effects of warfarin?

Answer 49

Vitamin K

Question 50

the time between onset and disappearance of drug effect

Answer 50

duration

Question 51

predictable but unintended effects of a drug

Answer 51

side effect

Question 52

An undesired potentially harmful side effect of drugs

Answer 52

adverse effect

Question 53

an adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or similar drug.

Answer 53

hypersensitivity

Question 54

another type of adverse effect. Rare, unpredictable and unavoidable

Answer 54

idiosyncratic effect

Question 55

a drug that enhances the effect of another drug

Answer 55

synergist

Question 56

a reason or purpose for giving the medication

Answer 56

indication

Question 57

a reason against giving a medication

Answer 57

contraindication

Question 58

the time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of the effects

Answer 58

onset

Question 59

BID=

Answer 59

twice per day

Question 60

q=

Answer 60

every

Question 61

qh=

Answer 61

every hour

Question 62

q2h=

Answer 62

every 2 hours

Question 63

qid=

Answer 63

four times a day

Question 64

PO=

Answer 64

by mouth

Question 65

KVO/KTO=

Answer 65

keep vein open/to keep open

Question 66

sos=

Answer 66

once if necessary

Question 67

Drugs that are synthesized from laboratory chemicals. ex. penicillin was extracted from mold

Answer 67

Synthetic drugs

Question 68

the process by which a drugs chemical composition is changed usually occurs in the liver.

Answer 68

biotransformation (metabolism) Factors affecting biotransformation? Liver "health" ex. cirrhosis and first-pass effect (where most of the drug is broken apart by the liver before its activated) Biotransformation may also take place in plasma, lungs, GI tract, or kidneys.

Question 69

drugs being given all at once as opposed to by flow infusion

Answer 69

bolus

Question 70

What is the most common emulsion used in surgery?

Answer 70

Propofol (Diprivan)

Question 71

what are 3 variations of the topical route?

Answer 71

1. Instillation into a mucous membrane BY eye, nose, urethra ex.) tetracaine (Pontocaine) - eyes * oxymetazoline (Afrin) - nasal cavity * lidocaine (Xylocaine) jelly - numbs urethra 2. Inhalation, ex. inhaling anesthetic gases or asthmatic drugs - inhaler 3. Contrast media - chromotubation (pushed into blood stream)