Prenatal Development: Nature & Nurture (Chapter 3) Flashcards
Genotype
genetic makeup of a person containing both expressed and unexpressed characteristics
Phenotype
Observable characteristics of a person
Polygenic Inheritance
Multiple genes contribute to a single trait.
Behavioral Genetics: Problems with Adoption Design
Different homes don’t equate to a totally different environment
Adoption is not a random assignment
Behavioral Genetics: Problems with Family Design
Same homes don’t equate to the same environment
Non-shared environment: the unique environment in which each child in a family grows up
Nature and Nurture
Genes x Enviornment= Phenotype
Problems with Behavioral Genetics Research
The search for heritability estimates is misleading
Doesn’t react to the actual processes of development
Often misused
Development is 100% nature and nurture
Genome
Gene/DNA
Epigenome
chemical tags that can turn genes on or off
-Gene/DNA
Epigenetic Formula
Environment leads to epigenetic response that leads to genetic expression which leads to phenotype
Passive Correlations (Genotype-Environment Correlation)
child has no control
Reactive Correlations (Genotype-Environment Correlation)
Children with different genetics makeups evoke different responses
Active Correlations (Genotype-Environment Correlation)
Children selected experiences consistent with their genetic tendencies
Genotype-Environment Interactions
Genotype x Environment leads to different Phenotypes
Prenatal Develppment:3 Stages
Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
