Adolescent Development: Identify Development & Health Behaviors (Chapter 11)

Question 1

Self Esteem

Answer 1

-Develops largely in the context of relationships with peers
-Declines into early adolescence and recovers from middle adolescence
-Girls have lower self-esteem than boys

Question 2

Erickson’s Identity Stage

Answer 2

-Stage: Identity vs. Identity Confusion (5th stage)
-Goal: Achieving a solid sense of identity
-Process: Adolescents explore various roles and values, ultimately forming a unique self-identity.
-Outcome: Successful identity development or isolation from peers and family if unsuccessful

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

-No commitment
-No cris

Question 4

Moratorium

Answer 4

-No commitment
-Yes crisis

Question 5

Foreclosure

Answer 5

-Yes commitment
-No crisis

Question 6

Achievement

Answer 6

-Yes commitment
-Yes crisis

Question 7

Specific Issues Important for Minority Youth

Answer 7

-Asian American: academic achievement and getting into good colleges
-African American: females- white American standards of beauty don’t apply to them; males- negative social image and job discrimination
-Latino: prejudice and conflicts in cultural values

Question 8

Current Views on Identity Development

Answer 8

-Lengthy process
-Constructed: individual orientation, experience, and social and cultural context
-Extremely complex: negations and affirmations and everyday decisions
-A person may achieve identity in one domain but not in other domains or achieve identity in different domains in different developmental periods

Question 9

Adolescent Health: Depression

Answer 9

-Development: rates of depression increase in adolescent
-Gender differences: adolescent girls have higher rates of depression

Question 10

Adolescent Health: Death

Answer 10

-Vehicle accidents: leading cause of death among U.S adolescent
-Homicide: 2nd leading cause among all teenagers and 1st leading cause among African-American adolescent males
-Rare
3rd leading cause of death; more boys than girls
In 2016, suicide became the 2nd leading cause of death among adolescents
Suicide attempt
-More girls than bots
Suicide ideology
-(20-25%)

Question 11

Adolescent Health: Suicide

Answer 11

Risk Factors
-individual
-peers
-family

Question 12

Juvenile Delinquency (Gender and Ethnicity Differences)

Answer 12

-Males are more likely to engage in juvenile delinquency
-There was been a greater increase in female delinquency in the past 2 decades
-Higher rates in some minority groups (African American and among low-SES youth)

Question 13

Risk Factors for Delinquency

Answer 13

-Community: low in social capital
-Family: lack of parental knowledge and older and deviant sibling
-Peers
-Individuals: low school achievement and poor identity development.

Question 14

Breaking Connection with Deviant Peers

Answer 14

-Authoritative parenting
-Collective socialization in disadvantage