Cognitive Development in the 1st 3 Years (Chapter 5

Question 1

Piaget’s Theory

Answer 1

-children are active learners
-they have an inborn ability to adapt to the environment

Question 2

Organization

Answer 2

children organize and categorize information to make sense of the world
-schemes: organized patterns of behavior used in particular situations

Question 3

Equilibration

Answer 3

Balance between what we already know and new information

Question 4

Adaption

Answer 4

Adjustment to new experiences or information about the environment

Question 5

Accommodation

Answer 5

Changes in a cognitive structure to include new experiences or information

Question 6

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 6

-1st stage (birth to 2 years)
-infants learn through sense and motor activities
-Schemes are non-symbolic through most of the stage
-primary mechanism is circular reactions

Question 7

Circular Reactions

Answer 7

Infants learn to reproduce desired events or experience originally discovered by chance

Question 8

Substage 1

Answer 8

use reflexes

Question 9

Substage 2

Answer 9

Primary circular reaction: repeat a bodily sensation

Question 10

Substage 3

Answer 10

Secondary circular reaction: infants discover they can make things happen outside their own body (repetition)

Question 11

Substage 4

Answer 11

Coordination of Secondary Schemes: goal-oriented behaviors that involve two or more schemes

Question 12

Substage 5

Answer 12

Tertiary circular reaction: new behaviors to produce desired even (not mere repetition)

Question 13

Substage 6

Answer 13

Mental Combination
-mentally represent objects and events in memory
-start to use symbols for mental manipulation
-transition into preoperational stage

Question 14

Object Permanence

Answer 14

Objects continue to exist even when out of sight (3-4 months some understanding)

Question 15

Violation of Expectations

Answer 15

Something occurs that goes against what we expect or predict