Human Development Methods (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Representative Sample

Answer 1

randomly selecting participants from the general population
great for generalizing findings

Question 2

Convenient Sample

Answer 2

Participants are selected out of convenience or accessibility
not always suitable for generalizing

Question 3

Selective Sampling

Answer 3

Participants are selected due to certain criteria
Limited generalization

Question 4

Coding

Answer 4

Categorizing or classifying data based on specific criteria

Question 5

Confounding Variable

Answer 5

Things other than what we’re testing accidentally change the results in experiment

Question 6

Descriptive Design

Answer 6

Describe target behavior

Question 7

Correlational Design

Answer 7

Discover how target behavior correlates with other variables.

Question 8

Experiment

Answer 8

used controlled conditions to test cause-and-effect relationships

Question 9

Natural Experiment

Answer 9

Uses naturally occurring events as a control to infer cause-and-effect relationships

Question 10

Cross-Sectional Design

Answer 10

People of different ages are assessed on one occasion

Question 11

Longitudinal Study

Answer 11

People of the same age are assessed over time

Question 12

Sequential Study

Answer 12

People of different ages are assessed over time.

Question 13

Cross-sectional Study Advantages/ Disadvantages

Answer 13

Adv: speedy and economical; shows similarities and differences among age groups
Disadv: can’t assess developmental changes and continuity; cohort differences may confound results

Question 14

Sequential Study Advantages/Disadvantages

Answer 14

Adv: assessed developmental periods, checks for cohort differences, reduces attrition rates
Disadv: can’t investigate individual pathways across several developmental periods