Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOSA: Human G&D > Prenatal > Flashcards

Prenatal Flashcards

1
Q

define a ZYGOTE

A

single celled fertilized egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define a KARYOTYPE

A

chromosomal structure of organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define KARYOTYPING

A

process to predict transmission of genetic disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what genetic condition is more common in African Americans

A

sickle cell disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what genetic condition is more common in Jewish Europeans?

A

Tay-Sachs disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is TAY-SACHS disease

A

recessive condition; unable to break down some fats causing them to build up & block neurotransmission leading to cognitive & physical deterioration & early death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define TERATOGENS

A

chemical/physical toxins to unborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

list types of teratogens

A
  • bacterial, protozoan, & viral infections
  • toxoplasmosis
  • alcohol
  • nicotine/cigarettes
  • caffeine
  • radiation/lead/mercury
  • marijuana
  • cocaine
  • heroin
  • methamphetamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define TOXOPLASMOSIS & how to avoid

A

common parasite; eat well cooked meat & avoid cat litter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list results of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

A
  • miscarriages
  • still birth
  • prenatal & postnatal growth restrictions
  • CNS abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

list potential results if consuming alcohol when pregnant

A
  • facial deformities
  • defective limbs & heart
  • below avg intelligence
  • cognitive disabilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list potential results if consuming nicotine/cigarettes when pregnant

A
  • low birth weight
  • growth restriction
  • premature birth
  • congenital & cardiovascular disorgers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the potential result when consuming caffeine during pregnancy

A

miscarriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the potential results when exposed to radiation/lead/mercury during pregnancy

A

miscarriage & congenital disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting marijuana during pregnancy

A
  • premature birth
  • low birthweight & slow weight gain
  • neurological disorders
  • respiratory problems
  • SIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting cocaine during pregnancy

A
  • low birth weight
  • shorter birth length
  • smaller head circumference
  • slower motor development in infancy
  • slower growth thru age 10
  • excitability/irritability
  • neurological, cognitive, & medical deficits
  • behavioral & attention issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting heroin during pregnancy

A
  • behavior & attention issues
  • withdrawal issues
  • excitability/irritability
  • excessive crying
  • disturbed sleep
  • slower motor development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the potential results when ingesting methamphetamine during pregnancy

A
  • low birth weight
  • higher infant mortality
  • neurological & cognitive deficits
  • behavior & attention issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define OVULATION

A

period where the ovum matures & is released about every 28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define MORULA

A

cell mass (produced from zygote going thru cell divisions) that divides & changes as it goes from fallopian tube to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

define BLASTOCYTE

A

morula that implants into uterine wall @ point of implantation; generally 64-128 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

define EMBRYO

A

multi-celled organism after implantation consisting of 3 parts that turn into various body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

list the 3 parts of an embryo

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, & endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What body parts are from the ectoderm of an embryo?

A

nervous, ears, nose, & eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What body parts are from the mesoderm of an embryo?

A

bone, muscle, circulatory, & reproductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what body parts are from the endoderm of an embryo?

A

digestive & respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

define a FETUS

A

embryo w/all essential structures @ end of week 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

list the process of embryo formation starting at conception & ending @ birth

A

conception > zygote > morula > implantation > blastocyte > embryo > fetus > birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

about how long is pregnancy

A

40 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How long is the 1st trimester of pregnancy

A

1-12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how long is the 2nd trimester of pregnancy

A

13-24 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how long is the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

24 weeks-birth

33
Q

how long is the PRE-EMBRYONIC/GERMINAL stage

A

fertilization - 2 weeks

34
Q

how long is the EMBRYONIC stage

A

2 wks - 8 wks

35
Q

how long is the FETAL stage

A

8 wks - birth

36
Q

list significant developments in week 4 of pregnancy

A
  • signs of arms & legs
  • heart, liver, blood cells, & beginning of brain
37
Q

list significant developments in weeks 6-8 of pregnancy

A
  • heart chambers
  • rapid brain development
  • limbs, face, GI, genitals
  • organogenesis finished
38
Q

list significant developments in weeks 9-12 of pregnancy

A
  • bile & kidney secretion
  • enamel, dentin, & bone marrow
  • distinguishing sex
  • respiration reflex
  • brain features
  • ossification
39
Q

list significant developments in weeks 13-16 of pregnancy

A
  • active fetus
  • calcified skeleton
  • placenta
  • circulating heart
  • enzyme secretion
  • increase respiration
40
Q

list significant developments in weeks 17-20 of pregnancy

A
  • heartbeat thru stethoscope
  • hair & nails
  • vernix caseosa
  • fat deposits
41
Q

list significant developments in weeks 21-24 of pregnancy

A
  • skin wrinkled & pink
  • ears
  • some breathing
  • increase vernix caseosa
42
Q

list significant developments in weeks 25-28 of pregnancy

A
  • looks like old man
  • eyelids open
  • subcutaneous fat
  • testes
43
Q

list significant developments in weeks 29-32 of pregnancy

A
  • skin pink & smooth
  • definition & descent of genitalia
  • crease on soles
  • conditioned to sound
44
Q

list significant developments in weeks 33-36 of pregnancy

A
  • increased fat
  • skin thick & white
  • lanugo disappears
  • breast tissue
45
Q

list significant developments in weeks 37-40 of pregnancy

A
  • plump
  • ears
  • eye color
  • antibodies
46
Q

what is considered full term

A

at least 38 weeks

47
Q

what hormones are produced during labor

A

progesterone, oxytocin, & prostaglandins

48
Q

purpose of PROGESTERONE

A

maintains pregnancy & stimulates contractions

49
Q

purpose of OXYTOCIN

A

stimulates contractions & prepares breasts

50
Q

purpose of PROSTAGLANDINS

A

stimulates contractions

51
Q

what are the 3 stages of labor

A

dilation, expulsion, afterbirth

52
Q

describe the DILATION stage of labor

A

generally 12-24 hrs; regular contractions & effacement

53
Q

define effacement

A

shortening & thinning of cervix

54
Q

describe the EXPULSION stage of labor

A

generally 1 1/2 hours; most difficult stage; begins w/complete dilation & ends w/birth

55
Q

describe the AFTERBIRTH (stage 3) stage of labor

A

generally 5-30 minutes; begins w/birth of baby & ends with placenta delivery

56
Q

define the PLACENTA

A

organ that produces hormones, transports nutrients & wastes, & protects the baby

57
Q

define the umbilical cord

A

cord of 3 blood vessels (2 arteries & vein)

58
Q

the umbilical vein does what

A

deliver O2 & nutrients to baby

59
Q

the umbilical arteries does what

A

delivery waste & deoxygenated blood to placenta

60
Q

how much weight gain is expected if the mother was orginally at a healthy weight

A

25-35 pounds

61
Q

what are generally in prenatal vitamins

A

iron, folic acid, & calcium

62
Q

what are the benefits of folic acid if pregnancy

A

reduce brain & spine defects

63
Q

what are the benefits of calcium in pregnancy

A

stronger bones in mom & baby

64
Q

what are the benefits of iron in pregnancy

A

reduce chance of low birth weight

65
Q

what foods should pregnant women avoid

A
  • fish & shellfish high in mercury
  • undercooked meats/poultry/eggs
  • unpasteurized dairy
66
Q

what are the effects of stress during pregnancy

A

low birth weights & premature birth

67
Q

teen moms have an increase chance for

A

hypertension, preterm labor, low birth weight, & poorer health

68
Q

moms older than 35 have an increase chance for

A

baby defects & abnormalities, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, issues w/C-section

69
Q

in moms older than 35, _____ takes longer & there is an increased risk for _____

A

conception; multiples

70
Q

why do babies of moms older than 35 have an increase chance of defects & abnormalities

A

eggs have longer exposure to environmental toxins & older they are more chance of chromosome oddities

71
Q

define the lamaze method

A

partner helps mom keep track & time contractions while providing emotional support

72
Q

in a preemie, when do they have the best chance of survival

A

after 28 weeks

73
Q

preemies often experience what in life

A

developmental/milestone delays

74
Q

what is a low birth weight

A

less than 5.8 lbs

75
Q

what is a very low birth weight

A

less than 3.5 lbs

76
Q

when is induced labor done

A

when there is risk to baby or mom

77
Q

what are the cons to induced labor

A

contractions more intence & greater need for C-section

78
Q

what are the causes of oxygen deprivation to baby

A

pressure on blood vessels or inadequate blood supply between mom & baby bc of problems w/cord or placenta

HOSA: Human G&D (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions