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HOSA: Human G&D > Infant > Flashcards

Infant Flashcards

1
Q

define a NEONATE

A

birth - 1 month

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2
Q

define APGAR TEST

A

test given 1 min & 5 min after birth to test general health of baby; 5 categories with score of 0-2 in each

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3
Q

what is a healthy/good APGAR score

A

6-7 @ 1 min & 8-10 @ 5 min

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4
Q

if there a score at or less than 7 at 5 min, what should the provider do?

A

retest @ 10 minutes

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5
Q

what are the categories of the APGAR test

A

heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, reflex irritability, slap to sole of foot, color

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6
Q

what qualifies as a 0 score in each APGAR category

A
  • heart rate & respiratory = absent
  • reflex & slap to sole = none
  • color = blue/pale
  • muscle tone = limp
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7
Q

what qualifies as a 1 score in each APGAR category

A
  • heart rate = < 100
  • respiratory = slow & irregular
  • muscle tone = some flexion
  • reflex & slap to sole = grimace
  • color = pink body & blue extremeties
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8
Q

what qualifies as a 2 score in each APGAR category

A
  • heart rate = > 100
  • respiratory = good & crying
  • muscle tone = active motion
  • reflex = cough/sneeze
  • slap to sole = cry & withdraw foot
  • color = pink
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9
Q

define the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

A

test shortly after birth that measures reflex, response to light/sound/touch, & observe baby’s attention & ability to be soothed

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10
Q

what is the average head circumference of a newborn?

A

13-14 in (33-35.5 cm)

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11
Q

when does the anterior fontanel close

A

12-18 months

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12
Q

when does the posterior fontanel close

A

4 months

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13
Q

define MOLDING in a newborn

A

head appears misshaped due to passing thru birth canal; temporary & resolves on its own

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14
Q

what is the normal length for an infant

A

19-21” (48-53 cm)

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15
Q

what is the average weight for an infant

A

7.5 lbs

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16
Q

what is the average growth rate for infants

A

about 1 in/month

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17
Q

how much weight loss does a newborn experience and why?

A

lose 5-10% first few days bc baby doesn’t eat few hours after birth

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18
Q

give healthy vitals of a newborn

A
  • 120-160 bpm
  • 65/40 mmHg
  • 30-60 respiration
  • slightly low body temp
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19
Q

newborn skin is generally

A

thin & pale

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20
Q

newborns sometimes have temporary acrocyanosis. define TEMPORARY ACROCYANOSIS

A

blueness of extremities bc of poor peripheral circulation that resolves in hours

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21
Q

define a MONGOLIAN SPOT

A

flat, irregular pigmented area of lumbar-sacral region that goes away at about 4 yrs

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22
Q

define LANUGA

A

covering of fine hair in a newborn that goes away in days

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23
Q

define VERNIX CASEOSA

A

oily secretion protecting fetus skin

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24
Q

define MILIA

A

small clusters of pearly white spots on face from sebaceous glands & disappear

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25
Q

define physiological jaundice

A

48-72 hrs after birth; fairly normal

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26
Q

physiological jaundice is also called what

A

icterus neonatorum

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27
Q

define pseudomenstruation

A

blood-tinged mucous vaginal discharge that will eventually disappear

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28
Q

what becomes swollen in both genders & eventually disappears

A

breasts

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29
Q

what should be administered to baby to prevent eye infections from chlamydia/gonorrhea

A

eye drops

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30
Q

when does permanent eye color develop

A

3-6 months

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31
Q

when do tears form in infants?

A

4 weeks

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32
Q

if an infant has a flat nose & receding chin, what should you check for

A

cleft palate

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33
Q

primary/baby teeth are also called what

A

decidous teeth

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34
Q

when do baby teeth first erupt & finish?

A

erupt @ 6-7 months & end @ 1 yr

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35
Q

when should you give your baby their first bath

A

after the navel heals (gen after 10th day)

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36
Q

should you give your infant whole milk?

A

no

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37
Q

define meconium

A

1st stool that is thick, green-black, tarry, & odorless; appears about 10 hrs after birth

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38
Q

stool of a breastfed baby generally appears…

A

light or seeded-mustard

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39
Q

stool of a formula baby generally appears..

A

semisolid & tan/yellowish

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40
Q

if an infant has an extra gluteal fold, it can lead to what condition?

A

congenital hip dysplasia

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41
Q

in what order do the senses develop?

A

hear, touch/taste/smell, & vision

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42
Q

what colors/visuals do infants prefer?

A

bright lights, yellow, green, pink, & large shapes

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43
Q

when do infants develop depth perception?

A

7-9 months

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44
Q

define nystagmus

A

temporary condition where eyes cross/1 drifts when focusing

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45
Q

when do neural pathways peak in infants & all of human?

A

4 months

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46
Q

define the MORO REFLEX

A

sudden movement/jarring causes limb extension & adduction

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47
Q

when does the MORO REFLEX disappear?

A

3-4 months

48
Q

define the TONIC NECK REFLEX

A

if head of supine baby turned to 1 side, the baby will extend arm & leg on that side

49
Q

when does the TONIC NECK REFLEX disappear?

A

5 months

50
Q

when does the ROOTING REFLEX disappear

A

4-6 months

51
Q

define the ROOTING REFLEX

A

cheek strokes cause the baby’s head to turn toward side & open mouth

52
Q

define the SUCKLING REFLEX

A

sucking movements when anything touches the lip/tongue of baby

53
Q

when does the SUCKLING REFLEX disappear

A

6 months

54
Q

when does the BABINSKI REFLEX disappear

A

sole stroked causing toes to hyperextend & fan outward & big toe turns up

55
Q

when does the BABINSKI REFLEX disappears

A

3 months

56
Q

when does the Palmar grasp disappear

A

3 months

57
Q

define PROXIMODISTAL DEVELOPMENT

A

learn core muscle control before muscles further from abdomen

58
Q

define cephalocaudal development

A

develop from top of head to extremities; not a rigid process & can have exceptions

59
Q

what are the gross motor skills that infants develop

A
  • head control
  • rolling
  • sitting up
  • changing position
  • crawling/army shuffle
  • creeping
  • walking
60
Q

what is the difference between crawling & creeping

A

crawling = dragging on floor
creeping = stomach off the floor

61
Q

what are the fine motor skills that infants develop

A

palmar grasp & pincer grasp

62
Q

define the pincer grasp

A

pick up w/thumb & forefinger

63
Q

when do infants gain head control

A

2-4 months

64
Q

when do infants gain the ability to roll

A

4 months

65
Q

when do infants gain the ability to sit

A

6 months

66
Q

when do infants gain the ability to change position

A

10 months

67
Q

when do infants gain the ability to crawl

A

9 months

68
Q

when do infants gain the ability to creep

A

10-11 months

69
Q

when do infants gain the ability to walk

A

12-15 months

70
Q

define MATERNAL DEPRIVATION

A

lack of attachment between mom and baby

71
Q

what are possible effects of maternal deprivation

A
  • decrease intelligence
  • aggression
  • depression
  • delinquency
  • unable to form/show affection
72
Q

define ENGROSSMENT

A

process of bonding

73
Q

what are the components of attachment

A

safe haven, secure base, proximity maintenance, separation distress/anxiety

74
Q

define SAVE HAVEN

A

basic needs provided for & parent responds to child

75
Q

define SECURE BASE

A

child has freedom for exploring while supervised

76
Q

define PROXIMITY MAINTENANCE

A

parent can be out of sight and baby still feels secure

77
Q

define SEPARATION DISTRESS/ANXIETY

A

baby upset when separated, creates trust between baby & parent; happens @ about 8 months

78
Q

describe STRANGER ANXIETY

A

happens at 9-12 months & is developmental milestone

79
Q

define TEMPERAMENT

A

unique, inborn individual differences in the way ppl interact with the world

80
Q

what are the 3 types of temperament

A

easy, difficult, slow to warm up

81
Q

_____ is inborn & ____ is created

A

temperament; personality

82
Q

define the EASY TEMPERAMENT

A

adaptable

83
Q

define the DIFFICULT TEMPERAMENT

A

adjusts slowly or negatively

84
Q

define the SLOW-TO-WARM UP TEMPERAMENT

A

adapts slowly

85
Q

define RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE

A

ability to understand language before being able to form words

86
Q

how do infants communicate

A

crying, gestures, babbling, cooing, & single words

87
Q

what does a high-pitched and shrill cry generally mean?

A

CNS injury

88
Q

when do babies begin to respond w/gestures & cooing?

A

2-5 months

89
Q

when do babies being to babble?

A

3-6 months

90
Q

when do babies begin to say single words?

A

7-12 months

91
Q

list signs of development delay

A
  • moro reflex after 4 months
  • infant doesn’t smile to mom’s voice after 3 months
  • doesn’t respond to loud sounds
  • tonic reflex after 5 months
  • cannot point @ 1 yr
  • delayed gross motor skill development
  • doesn’t reach or grasp @ 4 months
92
Q

when is breastfeeding recommended

A

at least for the 1st 6 months

93
Q

define COLOSTRUM

A

precursor to breast milk w/protein, salt, carbohydrates, less fat, & immunoglobulins

94
Q

benefits of breastfeeding

A
  • promote bonding
  • speed up placenta delivery
  • control bleeding
  • low in saturated fat
  • milk more easily digested than formula
95
Q

what should you do when your first beginning bottle feeding?

A

don’t give anything for 1st few hours & for first bottle give glucose & water, then transition to formula

96
Q

define bottle-mouth syndrome

A

cavities from sugar in milk or juice

97
Q

what solid foods should infants avoid for the first year

A

egg whites, citrus, & wheat

98
Q

what food should infants first be given at 5-6 months?

A

iron-fortified instant rice cereal

99
Q

what foods can infants eat at 7-8 months

A
  • plain, strained fruits & veggies
  • plain yogurt
  • strained meat
  • toast & crackers
  • iron-fortified rice cereal
100
Q

what foods can infants eat at 9-10 months

A
  • bite-sized finger foods
  • soft fresh/canned foods
  • yogurt
  • cottage cheese
  • iron-fortifed rice cereal
101
Q

what foods can infants eat at 11-12 months

A
  • soft table foods
  • dry unsweetened cereals
  • cheese slices
  • noodles
102
Q

sudden infant death syndrome is also called what

A

crib death

103
Q

define SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

A

most common at 1-4 months; unknown cause but thought to be associated w/sleep

104
Q

what are things to do to prevent SIDS

A
  • sleep on back/sides
  • sleep w/pacifier
  • avoid co-sleeping
  • have a crib w/safety standards
  • no soft materials in crib
105
Q

what are potential effects of lead poisoning

A

hyperactivity, irritability, aggression, attention disorders

106
Q

describe the normal infant sleep pattern

A
  • 4-5 hrs/day in 20 min cycles
  • eyes closed, normal respirations, occasional jerking
107
Q

describe the irregular infant sleep pattern

A

12-15 hrs/day in 45 min cycles
- eyes closed, respiration irregular, jerky movements, & occasional groaning

108
Q

how many hours do infants remain sleep and awake in 1 cycle

A

3 hours of sleep & awake for 1

109
Q

what happens (physiologically) when a baby has shaken baby syndrome

A

blood vessels rupture causing swelling & increase pressure in brain

110
Q

what are potential results of shaken baby syndrome

A

seizures, cerebral palsy, paralysis, & death

111
Q

at 6 months, infants are temporarily immune to…

A

measles (rubella), mumps, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, & scarlet fever

112
Q

what types of play do infants participate in

A

unoccupied & solitary

113
Q

define UNOCCUPIED PLAY

A

baby observes & focuses on object/activity

114
Q

define SOLITARY PLAY

A

play by themselves

115
Q

describe POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION

A

affects 10-20% of women; intense sadness & emotional withdrawal postpartum bc of a huge hormone shift, fatigue, & stress

116
Q

define POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS

A

rare condition w/delusions, hallucinations, hyperactivity, paranoia, rapid mood swings; needs medical care

HOSA: Human G&D (15 decks)

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