Adolescence Flashcards
describe puberty
2 years of rapid growth between 11-14 yrs marked by development of secondary sex traits
when does puberty end
first menarche/sperm production
what are major changes of puberty
- rapid physical growth
- changes in body proportions
- development of primary & secondary sex traits
list adolescent frustrations
- wish for independence
- appearance concerns
- seek peer acceptance while bothered by same peers
- struggle w/increased school work & responsibility
- fluctuate adult behavior & child impulses
- maintaining demanding schedule while needing more rest
define ADOLESCENCE
transitional period beginning w/sexual maturity & ends w/cessation of growth & movement toward emotional maturity
major characteristics of adolescence
- introspection
- experimentation & learning
- testing of values & beliefs
how much height and weight gain do boys go through during puberty
4-12”; 15-65 lbs
how much height & weight gain do girls go through during puberty
2-8”; 15-55 lbs
what body part grows first during puberty
feet
define ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
anterior lobe of pituitary that secretes hormones for gonads
what do boys 11-12 yrs go through during puberty
- growth of testes, scrotum, & penis
- pubic hair
what do boys 12-13 yrs go through during puberty
rapid growth spurt
what do boys 13-15 yrs go through during puberty
- underarm, body, & facial hair
- growth spurt
- ejaculation
- deepening of voice
what do girls 10-11 yrs go through during puberty
- rapid growth spurt
- breast development
- pubic hair
what do girls 11-14 yr go through during puberty
1st menarche & growth spurt
what do girls 12-13 yrs go through during puberty
underarm hair
why do girls’ hips widen & round during puberty
redistribution of fat
when do growth for girls stop?
16-17 yrs
when do growth for boys stop?
18-20 yrs
when do teenagers get 2nd molars
13 yrs
when people receive their wisdom teeth
14-25 yrs
list healthy vital signs of adolescents
- 60-90 bpm
- 120/80 mmHg
- 16-24 respiration
how do other bodily systems change during adolescence
- lung weight & volume increases
- stomach & intestines increase in size & capacity
male teenage bodily concerns
- penis size
- embarrassing/morning erections
- wet dreams
- voice changes
- sweating & acne
female teenage bodily concerns
- breasts not symmetrical
- menstruation & menstrual discomfort
- pregnancy
- hygiene
- sweating & acne
define BACTERIAL STIs
caused by bacteria & can be cured w/early detection & treatment
define VIRAL STIs
caused by virus & incurable
describe CHLAMYDIA
bacterial STI that can either by asymptomatic or not & spread to other pelvic organs; can lead to PID causing infertility
s/s: chlamydia
- yellowish vaginal discharge
- painful/difficult urination
- spotting between menses/after sex
s/s: trichomoniasis
- thin, frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge
- vaginal itching
- tenderness & redness
- painful urination & sex
what causes trichomoniasis
parasite
what causes herpes genitalis
virus
s/s: herpes genitalis
- genital warts
- pain & itching
- swollen glands
- vaginal discharge
describe gonorrhea
bacterial STI that can be asymptomatic or not
s/s: gonorrhea
- purulent yellow-green vaginal discharge
- painful urination/sex
describe syphilies + s/s
bacterial STI that can lead to serious mental disorders & death; characterized by ulcers on genitals, lips, & anus
describe HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
virus that causes AIDS & spread via bodily fluids
s/s: HIV
- lethargy
- flu-like symptoms
- weight loss
- skin lesions
- fungal infections
describe HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)
viral STI that is generally asymptomatic or characterized w/warts; can cause cancer of penis, cervix, anus, & throat
what is the mortality rate for teen pregnancy & why
x2 mortality; mom & baby competing for nutrients
describe the emotional/social characteristics of 13-14 yr olds
- negative & hostile
- self centric leading to intolerance
- compromise is difficult
- experimentation
- humor based on negativity
describe the emotional/social characteristics of 15-16 yr olds
- less self absorbed than 13-14 yrs & better @ compromising
- more tolerant of other perspectives
- experiment & test boundaries
- develop specific skill sets
- curious & independent
- date
describe the emotional/social characteristics of 17-19 yr olds
- idealistic
- increase stress leading to outbursts & discord
- influenced by social groups
- focus on economic independence
- form close relationships w/grandparents
define PERSONAL FABLE
thinking pattern related to cognitive function where person distorts & inflates opinion of themselves & their importance leading to belief of invicibility
define IMAGINARY AUDIENCE
belief everyone is watching
what are highlights of moral & cognitive development in adolescents
- question everything
- develop sense of duty & fight against injustices
- develop spiritual awareness
- personal fable & imaginary audience
how many calories should adolescent girls eat in a day
2600
how many calories should adolescent boys eat in a day
3600
how much of an adolescent’s diet should be protein
12-16%
describe ANOREXIA NERVOSA
complex emotional disorder of willful starvation generally beginning in 9-12 yr olds; more common in girls but increasing in boys; causes a large amount of deaths
s/s: of anorexia nervosa
- hair loss
- fatigue
- weakness
- hypotension
- bradycardia
- stopping of menses
describe BULIMIA NERVOSA
series of binge eating & purges; linked to depression & low self esteem
what vaccines should 14-16 yr olds get
- DTaP booster
- HPV
- meningococcal
- flu
s/s: anemia
- weakness
- fatigue
- excessive menses
how much sleep should adolescents get per night
9-10 hrs
why are teens more prone to depression
greater time for self-reflection
s/s: depression
- crying spells
- insomnia
- eating disorders
- social isolation/withdrawal
- acting out
- hopelessness
- unexplained physical symptoms
- loss of interest in appearance
- giving away of possessions
which gender is more affected by suicide
men
list reasons for suicide
- depression
- low self-esteem
- poor impulse control
- substance abuse
- emotional isolation
- grief over loss/love affair
- failure in school
- inability to meet expectations
- influence of suicidal friends
list factors that increase risk for suicide
- family history of suicide
- major loss/disappointment
- previous attempts
- recent suicide of friends/family/role models
- impulsiveness of adolescence
s/s: suicide
- sudden changes in appetite/sleep
- withdrawal/depression/moodiness
- excessive fatigue/agitation
- neglect of personal hygiene
- alcohol/drug abuse
- lost interest in hobbies/aspects of life
- self harm
- preoccupation of eath
- giving away of possessions
define PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY when regarding substance abuse
rely on drug to function
define PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCY when regarding substance abuse
rely on drug for feeling created
s/s: substance abuse
- altered sleep patterns/drowsiness/sleepiness/lethargy/hyperactivity
- mood swings
- changes in appetite
- marked irritability
- loss of interest in friends/school/activities
- secretiveness
- loss of property/money
- impaired judgment
- change in hygiene/appearance
list effects of chewing tobacco/snuff
- cracked lips
- oral bleeding
- ulcers
- erosion of tooth enamel
- increase risk of oral cancer
list effects of nicotine
- lung disease
- respiratory cancers
- emphysema
- strokes
- complications of throat, teeth, & tongue
give examples of opiods
Oxycodone (oxycontin), Hydrocodone (vicodin), Heroin
what drug is used to reverse respiratory distress in OD victims
Naloxone (Narcan)
define BINGE DRINKING
+5 drinks for men & +4 drinks for women in a row within 2 hrs
list the steps of the decision-making process
- decide what decision needed
- think through all possible alternatives
- evaluate each alternative
- select alternative
- act
- evaluate effectiveness of alternative
what is FCCLA Planning
process for making goals; stands for Family, Career, & Community Leaders of America
what are the steps of FCCLA Planning
- identify concerns
- set goal
- form plan
- act
- follow up
what are the 3 stages of dating
- group dating
- casual/random dating
- steady dating
describe GROUP DATING
attend activities as part of a group, putting less pressure on the individual allowing them to develop a friendship
describe CASUAL/RANDOM DATING
explore comfort level & preferred traits
describe STEADY DATING
couple is exclusive & committed
