Cultural Considerations Flashcards
holistic
approach considerin all physical aspects & psychological, social, cognitive, & environmental influences
social factors influencing diet
attitude, economic & price structure, knowledge, skills, social support, societal & cultural factors, food & agricultural policy, food assistance programs, tobacco/drug use
culture
social group giving meaning to individuals’ life serving as anchor for traditions/beliefs & influence values & idenitity; also values, beliefs, ideas, customs, & characteristics passed on within group
is culture uniform for all members?
no, but foundation for behavior
4 characteristics of culture
learned, shared, social in nature (integrated/patterned), dynamic & constantly changing (adaptive) , & symbolic
subculture
culture within dominant cultural group w/common values, beliefs, & interests (ex: oncology nurses within whole nursing dept)
enculturation
learning culture from observing & instruction
what does the culture characteristic social in nature (integrated/patterned) mean
culture is based on economics, politics, social patterns, work ethic, & individualism
what are the 4 ways culture can be adaptive/dynamic
diffusion, acculturation, technological innovation, globalizatino
maladaptive culture
culture fails to change to meet challenges or too rapid of changes causing extinction
diffusion
spread of cultural traits from another culture
acculturation
values & beliefs exchanged from interactions w/other cultures, assuming some characteristics of dominant culture
technological innovation
technology solves societal problems leading to creation of cultural change
globalization
change through diffusion, acculturation, migration, & tourism (ex: social media)
examples of the culture characteristic symbolism
language, gestures, art, music
beliefs
truths held by culture’s people that affect views on social problems, thinking, organization; and behavior about health, illness, care, & death
values
characteristics that determine ethicality (culture values give direction for stability & security)
Norms
socially accepted rules & practices that guide behavior to determine role in group
3 parts of norms
folkways, laws, & mores
Folkways
customs determine greeting
Laws
written government policies
Mores
moral beliefs of culture; failure to follow causes ostracism
Race
classification by shared physical/biological traits that increases social construct & has little relationship w/biology; different cultures can share traits
Prejudice
learned behavior of a strong feeling/belief without reviewing facts/info often because of fear of things that are different
ethnicity
classification based on national origin/culture
what do ethnicity groups share?
language, common heritage, geographic location, social customs, & beliefs
cultural competence
conscious process of ongoing & continuous self-evaluation of culture knowledge & skills to reduce disparities & improve outcomes & satisfaction
cultural senstivitity
recognize diversity & respect uniqueness by using correct language & avoiding offending
cultural sensitivity
cultural awareness
seek understanding of culture, race, & ethnicity
religion
specific system of belief or worship in a 1 dimension of spirtuality
spirituality
how individuals find purpose/meaning in life & connect w/nature/supreme being; outcome brings inner peace & well-being
spiritual needs
beliefs & practices of individual
multiculturalism
idea to maintain & value cultural identities, addressing differences in race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, life experiences, values, & socioeconomic status
ethnicity
identity w/particular racial/national/cultural group & support of associated customs, beliefs, & languages
bias
preference that inhibits impartial judgment
ethnocentric
people who believe that their culture is better than others causing them to antagonize & alienate other cultures
personal space
cultures are close contact or distant contact
aka: personal space
territorial space
time orientation
manner person responded to passage of time; 3 types (past, present, & future)
describe past-oriented time orientation
- value tradition
- do it the way it’s always been done
- hesitant to try new procedures
describe present-oriented time orientation
- seek instant gratification
- doesn’t worry about how behavior will affect future
- may neglect preventative health measures
- ignores past/future if no implication in life
describe future-oriented time orientation
- long term goals
- try to anticipate to prevent future problems
- willing to take risk to achieve goals
- more likely to do preventative care
transcultural health care
care based on cultural beliefs, emotional needs, spiritual feelings, & physical needs; recognizes alternative methods, emotional response to care, healing ability of mind, & spirituality; can describe holistic care
health concepts associated w/South Africans
- maintain harmony of body, mind, & spirit
- harmony w/nature
- prevent illness w/diet, rest, & hygiene
health concepts associated with Asians
- physical & spiritual harmony w/nature
- balance of yin & yang
South African belief of cause of illness
- supernatural
- conflict/disharmony in life
Methods of treatment associated w/South Africans
- restore harmony thru prayer/meditation
- herbs, roots, poultices, oils, rituals, charms, talismans, amulets
- diet & hygiene
Asian belief cause of illness
- imbalance of yin & yang
- supernatural forces
- unhealthy environment
methods of treatments associated w/asians
- cold/hot remedies
- herbal, acupuncture, acupressure
- energy restore balance of yin & yang
- tai chi & meditation
health concepts associated w/Europeans
- maintain w/diet, rest, & exercise
- vaccines & preventative practices
- good health = personal responsibility
European belief of cause of illness
- germs, pollutants, contaminants
- punishment for sins
- lack of cleanliness
- self abuse
european methods of treatment
- medications & surgery
- drugs & exercise
- home remedies & self care
- prayer & rituals
- alternative treatments
health concepts associated w/hispanics
- reward from God
- health is good luck
- balance between hot & cold forces
hispanic belief cause of illness
- punishment from God for sins
- imbalance between hot & cold
- susto, mal ojo, or envida (fright, evil eye, or envy)
hispanic methods of treatment
- hot & cold remedies restore balance
- prayers, medals. candles, rituals, herbal remedies, massage
- anointing w/oil
- wearing of axabache to ward off the evil eye
- amulets
health concepts associated w/middle eastern
- caused by spiritual forces
- good health is a great blessing
- cleanliness essential
- males make decisions
middle eastern belief cause of illness
- spiritual forces
- punishment for sins
- evil spirits/evil eye
middle eastern methods of treatment
- meditation & prayers
- charms & amulets w/verses of Koran
- meds, surgery, cupping, cautery
- herbal remedies
- prefer males don’t touch/examine females
health concepts associated w/native americans
- harmony between man & nature
- balance of body, mind, & spirit
- spiritual powers control body harmony
native american belief cause of illness
- supernatural forces & evil spirits
- violation of taboo
- imbalance of man & nature
native americans’ method of treatment
- rituals, charms, & masks
- prayer & meditation
- plants, herbs, medicine bag
- sweat lodges/total immersion in water
