PRELIM REVIEW Flashcards
In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s _____, nurture to its _____.
- attributes; ecological heritage
- personality traits; abilities
- biological inheritance; environmental experiences
- acquired traits; heredity
- biological inheritance; environmental experiences
Kind of attachment where the baby cling to the caregiver then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness.
Insecure Resistant Babies
What is the significant finding of Harlow’s experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?
- Feeding and contact comfort are equally important in the attachment process.
- Feeding is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is not the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process
SITUATIONAL:
Betty and Allen’s child, Cara, is usually in a pleasant mood. She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes. According to Chess and Thomas, Cara would be classified as:
an Easy Child
SITUATIONAL:
Nadine’s doctor is assessing her fine motor skills. This means that her doctor is going to look at her ability to ___.
- perform finely tuned movements like using a pencil
- maintain fine balance on a beam
- perform reflexive behavior like stepping
- coordinate large muscle activity like walking
- perform finely tuned movements like using a pencil
“Easy child,” “difficult child,” and “slow-to-warm-up child” are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.
Temperament
TRUE OR FALSE: Learning disorders can be classified as developmental delay.
FALSE
The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as well as shockproof.
Amniotic Fluid
According to Piaget, physical activities such as sucking, grasping, and walking are examples of:
Behavioral Schemes
At this stage of life, the person prefers playing with others rather than alone.
Early Childhood
Erogeneous zone during the oral stage is __.
Mouth
Same individuals are studied over a period of time usually several years of more is ___.
Longitudinal Approach
Proposed that attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important consequences throughout the lifespan.
John Bowlby
SITUATIONAL:
Sidney is expecting her first child. She has recently begun to feel the fetus kicking. Sidney’s current stage of pregnancy would fall under which of the following periods of prenatal development?
Fetal Period
TRUE OR FALSE: Medication is the most appropriate for pregnant women or breastfeeding women with mild depression and anxiety.
FALSE
SITUATIONAL:
Don and Ellie are trying to conceive a baby. How many months should they wait before they suspect infertility?
12 months
TRUE OR FALSE: Physical abuse or neglect may cause developmental delays.
TRUE
SITUATIONAL:
When Alice speaks to her six-month-old nephew, her voice immediately takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins to use more simplistic words and phrases. This change in Alice’s language behavior provides an example of__
Child-directed Speech
Children who reacts negatively and cry frequently is categorized as ___.
Difficult Child
Emphasized how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
Vygotsky
The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to:
- crawl through a dark tunnel with their mother and a stranger waiting on the other side
- choose between their mother and father in a strange situation
- experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
- move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger
- move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger
TRUE OR FALSE: Early assessment of GDD would be helpful in implementation of intervention.
TRUE
The long hollow tube formed by the mother’s nervous system and located on the embryo’s back is called___.
Neural Tube
[Identify the type of measure]
If Alex uses an EEG, FMRI, and measures of cortisol in his developmental research, these tests are best referred to as:
Physiological Measures
TRUE OR FALSE: Leaving women with peripartum depression alone is much needed. They need their peace and time on their own.
FALSE
The system that involves the meaning of words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
Syntax
_____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person.
Identical Twins
The final stage of Erik Erikson’s developmental theory is __.
Integrity vs Despair
[Identify the Syndrome]
SITUATIONAL:
Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has:
Turner Syndrome
[Identify the reflex]
SITUATIONAL:
Six-month-old Carson grabs for a toy using his whole hand. He is demonstrating a__
Palmer Grasp Reflex
[Identify the disease]
_____ is a gene-linked abnormality in which the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.
Huntington’s Disease
Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize:
- scientific research and environmental determinants of behavior
- discontinuity in behavior
- development occurs in stage-like fashion
- unconscious motives
- scientific research and environmental determinants of behavior
For years, debate has focused on whether breast-feeding is better for the infant than bottle-feeding. The growing consensus is that:
- there are no differences in health outcomes for babies who are breast fed and babies who are bottle fed.
- bottle-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for bonding between mother and infant, whereas bottle-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
SITUATIONAL:
Nakita is 18 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby’s earliest emotions, _____.
Fear
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.
Schema
_____ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in speech production.
Broca’s Area
_____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
Behavior Genetics
Klinefelter syndrome affects___
Only men
TRUE OR FALSE: When a 4 year old child lags behind their peers in one or more areas of emotional, mental or physical growth that last for less than 6 months, it warrants an early diagnosis pf a developmental disorder.
FALSE
Linguist Noam Chomsky said that children are born into the world with a _____, a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics.
Language Acquisition Device
SITUATIONAL:
When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, what type of temperament does Josh have?
Difficult
Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?
- Fathers are more physical with their children.
- Mothers express more emotions with their children.
- Fathers are less affectionate with their children.
- Mothers smile more at their children.
- Fathers are more physical with their children.
A rare condition that usually develops within the first week after delivery with symptoms of hallucination, delusions, confusion and feeling lost and paranoia.
Peripartum Psychosis
The first stage in Erikson’s theory is __.
Basic Trust vs Mistrust
At birth, infants communicate by:
Crying
Life-span developmentalists who focus on adult development and aging describe life-span development in terms of four “ages.” The “third age” in this conceptualization spans from:
- approximately 80 years to the time of death
- approximately 60-79 years of age
- adolescence to prime adulthood
- twenties through fifties
- approximately 60-79 years of age
The recent focus on _____ emphasizes that individuals can engage in a more cognitive, flexible approach to stressful circumstances.
Effortful Control
The _____ period is the time from conception to birth.
Prenatal
SITUATIONAL:
Tara holds her two-month-old daughter, Sonia, close to her, makes eye contact, and smiles and sings softly to her. Tara is engaging in:
Face to Face Play
At this stage, the child can do logical reasoning of concrete events classifying objects and sets.
Concrete Operational Stage
Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of _____ versus shame and doubt.
Autonomy
SITUATIONAL:
As he rolls his truck up and down the sides of the couch, Nezzy points to his truck and says “My truck” to which his father responds with “What’s the truck doing?” This is an example of:
Recasting
_____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell.
Fertilization
_____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities.
Intermodal
Which of the following techniques is used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery?
- Music Therapy
- Cesarean Section
- Massage Therapy
- Acupuncture
Cesarean Section
SITUATIONAL:
Mariah has given birth to a baby girl. Even one month after delivery, she is experiencing very strong feelings of sadness and anxiety. She is so morose that she is having trouble coping with daily tasks. Mariah is most likely suffering from:
Peripartum Depression
Method of childbirth through surgical procedure in which the baby is removed from the mother’s uterus through an incision made in her abdomen.
Cesarean Delivery
_____ is an area in the left temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the comprehension of speech.
Wernicke’s Area
_____ is the way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics.
Phenotype
By far the most common high-tech assisted reproduction technique used is__
In Vitro Fertilization
According to Piaget, babies under 8 months lacked ___.
Object Permanence
Identify the age group of women who are least likely to obtain prenatal care.
Adolescents
SITUATIONAL:
Brenda’s baby was born just minutes ago, and the doctor is checking the baby’s heart rate, respiratory effort, body color, reflex irritability, and muscle tone. Brenda’s baby is being tested with the:
Apgar Scale
“Want ice cream,” “No go sleep,” and “Mommy give cookie” are all examples of:
Telegraphic Speech
A teratogen is any agent that can cause__
Birth Defects
The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the _____ theory of development.
Psychosocial
In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle.
Dominant-recessive Genes
What is the term used to describe “reading” emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?
Social Referencing
In which of the following phases of Bowlby’s model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver?
- Phase 1
- Phase 2
- Phase 3
- Phase 4
- Phase 2
TRUE OR FALSE: If the child is not meeting one or more milestones or has lost skills that the child once had, talk to the child’s doctor and ask about developmental screening.
TRUE
SITUATIONAL:
Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the__
Pincer Grasp
Identify the widely used assessment method of infant development that has five scales—cognitive, language, motor, socioemotional, and adaptive.
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
_____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.
Genes
During pregnancy, which of the following organs or systems are the first to develop?
- Spinal Cord
- Urogenital System
- Visual System
- Liver
- Spinal Cord
Infancy experts Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby stress that _____ is an important ingredient in developing a strong bond between the infant and caregiver.
- a quick, comforting response to the infant’s cries
- ignoring the infant’s cries
- responding too much to infant crying
- forcefully telling the infant not to cry
- a quick, comforting response to the infant’s cries
The recent focus on _____ emphasizes that individuals can engage in a more cognitive, flexible approach to stressful circumstances.
Effortful Control
Psychology’s newest approach, _____, emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior.
Evolutionary Psychology
The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.
Epigenetic
Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:
- begins at birth and continues through the human life span.
- begins at childhood and continues until adulthood.
- begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
- begins at conception and continues until adulthood.
- begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object:
- That is perceived to be a non-stranger
- That provides oral satisfaction
- That provides a sense of trust
- That provides physical comfort
- That provides oral satisfaction
Typical prenatal development lasts between:
38 to 40 weeks
In which of the following circumstances should the mother NOT breast feed her baby?
- If she has AIDS
- If the baby has low birth weight
- If she is suffering from postpartum depression
- If the baby is overweight
- If she has AIDS
Separation protest is characterized by__.
- indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.
- rejoicing when the caregiver returns.
- crying when the caregiver shouts
- crying when the caregiver leaves.
- crying when the caregiver leaves.
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, a person’s family, peers, school, and neighborhood constitute his/her:
Microsystem
Which of the following identifies the order of the three periods of prenatal development in the correct sequence?
- fertile; embryonic; postterm
- germinal; embryonic; fetal
- gestational; germinal; postnatal
- preterm; germinal; postterm
- germinal; embryonic; fetal
The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother’s body, is called the ___
Umbilical Cord
Identify the correct sequence of vocalization in infants.
- babling, crying, cooing
- crying, cooing, babling
- crying, babling, cooing
- cooing, crying, babling
- crying, cooing, babling
TRUE OR FALSE: Autism spectrum disorder is categorized as developmental disorders.
TRUE
Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being are known as__.
Emotions
Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that this genetic disorder occurred because he has an extra copy of chromosome 21.
Down Syndrome
TRUE OR FALSE: Peripartum depression can be managed the same with depressive disorders.
TRUE
Whenever baby Beth hears a loud noise, she responds with a _____ reflex, where she arches her back, throws back her head, flings out her arms and legs, and then rapidly closes her arms and legs.
Moro
_____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment.
Parental Sensitivity
Symptoms usually begins within the first 2 to 3 days after delivery and may last for up to two weeks.
Baby Blues
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the effect of substance abuse by pregnant mothers?
- Prenatal marijuana exposure is related to higher intelligence in children.
- Infants whose mothers are addicted to heroin show several behavioral difficulties at birth, including withdrawal symptoms.
- Maternal smoking is linked to diminished ovarian functioning in female offspring.
- Use of methamphetamine during pregnancy increases risk of low birth weight in offspring.
- Prenatal marijuana exposure is related to higher intelligence in children.
TRUE OR FALSE: 6 apgar score for babies mean fair condition
TRUE
