PRELIM REVIEW Flashcards
In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s _____, nurture to its _____.
- attributes; ecological heritage
- personality traits; abilities
- biological inheritance; environmental experiences
- acquired traits; heredity
- biological inheritance; environmental experiences
Kind of attachment where the baby cling to the caregiver then resist the caregiver by fighting against the closeness.
Insecure Resistant Babies
What is the significant finding of Harlow’s experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?
- Feeding and contact comfort are equally important in the attachment process.
- Feeding is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is not the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
- Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process
SITUATIONAL:
Betty and Allen’s child, Cara, is usually in a pleasant mood. She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes. According to Chess and Thomas, Cara would be classified as:
an Easy Child
SITUATIONAL:
Nadine’s doctor is assessing her fine motor skills. This means that her doctor is going to look at her ability to ___.
- perform finely tuned movements like using a pencil
- maintain fine balance on a beam
- perform reflexive behavior like stepping
- coordinate large muscle activity like walking
- perform finely tuned movements like using a pencil
“Easy child,” “difficult child,” and “slow-to-warm-up child” are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.
Temperament
TRUE OR FALSE: Learning disorders can be classified as developmental delay.
FALSE
The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as well as shockproof.
Amniotic Fluid
According to Piaget, physical activities such as sucking, grasping, and walking are examples of:
Behavioral Schemes
At this stage of life, the person prefers playing with others rather than alone.
Early Childhood
Erogeneous zone during the oral stage is __.
Mouth
Same individuals are studied over a period of time usually several years of more is ___.
Longitudinal Approach
Proposed that attachment to a caregiver over the first year of life has important consequences throughout the lifespan.
John Bowlby
SITUATIONAL:
Sidney is expecting her first child. She has recently begun to feel the fetus kicking. Sidney’s current stage of pregnancy would fall under which of the following periods of prenatal development?
Fetal Period
TRUE OR FALSE: Medication is the most appropriate for pregnant women or breastfeeding women with mild depression and anxiety.
FALSE
SITUATIONAL:
Don and Ellie are trying to conceive a baby. How many months should they wait before they suspect infertility?
12 months
TRUE OR FALSE: Physical abuse or neglect may cause developmental delays.
TRUE
SITUATIONAL:
When Alice speaks to her six-month-old nephew, her voice immediately takes on a higher pitch, her speech becomes slower, and she begins to use more simplistic words and phrases. This change in Alice’s language behavior provides an example of__
Child-directed Speech
Children who reacts negatively and cry frequently is categorized as ___.
Difficult Child
Emphasized how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.
Vygotsky
The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth. It requires the infant to:
- crawl through a dark tunnel with their mother and a stranger waiting on the other side
- choose between their mother and father in a strange situation
- experience loud noises in a room with only a stranger present.
- move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger
- move through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with his or her mother and a stranger
TRUE OR FALSE: Early assessment of GDD would be helpful in implementation of intervention.
TRUE
The long hollow tube formed by the mother’s nervous system and located on the embryo’s back is called___.
Neural Tube
[Identify the type of measure]
If Alex uses an EEG, FMRI, and measures of cortisol in his developmental research, these tests are best referred to as:
Physiological Measures
TRUE OR FALSE: Leaving women with peripartum depression alone is much needed. They need their peace and time on their own.
FALSE
The system that involves the meaning of words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
Syntax
_____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person.
Identical Twins
The final stage of Erik Erikson’s developmental theory is __.
Integrity vs Despair
[Identify the Syndrome]
SITUATIONAL:
Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has:
Turner Syndrome
[Identify the reflex]
SITUATIONAL:
Six-month-old Carson grabs for a toy using his whole hand. He is demonstrating a__
Palmer Grasp Reflex
[Identify the disease]
_____ is a gene-linked abnormality in which the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration.
Huntington’s Disease
Behavioral and social cognitive theories emphasize:
- scientific research and environmental determinants of behavior
- discontinuity in behavior
- development occurs in stage-like fashion
- unconscious motives
- scientific research and environmental determinants of behavior
For years, debate has focused on whether breast-feeding is better for the infant than bottle-feeding. The growing consensus is that:
- there are no differences in health outcomes for babies who are breast fed and babies who are bottle fed.
- bottle-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for bonding between mother and infant, whereas bottle-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
- breast-feeding is better for the baby’s health.
SITUATIONAL:
Nakita is 18 months old, and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her. She is displaying one of a baby’s earliest emotions, _____.
Fear
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.
Schema
_____ is an area in the left frontal lobe of the brain that is involved in speech production.
Broca’s Area
_____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
Behavior Genetics
Klinefelter syndrome affects___
Only men