ASU Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

Question 1

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

Answer 1

Schemes

Question 2

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
The 2 types of Schemes.

Answer 2

• Behavioral
• Mental

Question 3

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.

Answer 3

Assimilation

Question 4

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences.

Answer 4

Accomodation

Question 5

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system.

Answer 5

Organization

Question 6

COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next.

Answer 6

Equilibration

Question 7

THE SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
Lasts from when, up to when?

Answer 7

From birth to 2 years of age

Question 8

THE SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be directly seen, touched or heard.

Answer 8

Object Permanence

Question 9

EVALUATING PIAGET’S SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
This error occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) rather than the new hiding place (B).

Answer 9

A-not-B Error

Question 10

EVALUATING PIAGET’S SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
An approach that states that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems.

Answer 10

Core Knowlege Approach

Question 11

CONDITIONING:
Focusing of mental resources on select information.

Answer 11

Attention

Question 12

CONDITIONING:
Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Answer 12

Habituation

Question 13

CONDITIONING:
Increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulatio.

Answer 13

Dishabituation

Question 14

It is the retention of information over time.

Answer 14

Memory

Question 15

MEMORY:
This form of memory is without conscious recollection - memories of skills and routine procedures are performed automatically.

Answer 15

Implicit Memory

Question 16

MEMORY:
This form of memory is a conscious remembering of facts and experiences.

Answer 16

Explicit Memory

Question 17

This involves being flexible and adaptable to your surroundings.

Answer 17

Imitation

Question 18

IMITATION:
This form of imitation occurs after a delay of hours or days.

Answer 18

Deferred Imitation

Question 19

Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people or ideas.

Answer 19

Concepts

Question 20

MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
Score that combines subscores in motor, language, adaptive and personal-social domains in the Gesell Assessment of Infants.

Answer 20

Developmental Quotient (DQ)

Question 21

MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
Used to assess infant behavior and predict later development.
The current version has three components:
- Mental Scale
- Motor Scale
- Infant Behavior Profile

Answer 21

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

Question 22

MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
This test evaluates an infant’s ability to process information.

Answer 22

Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence

Question 23

This is a form of communication - spoken, written or signed (based on a system of symbols) - consisting of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.

Answer 23

Language

Question 24

DEFINING LANGUAGE:
The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.

Answer 24

Infinite Generativity

Question 25

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The sound system of a language.

Answer 25

Phonology

Question 26

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
PHONOLOGY: The smallest sound unit in a language.

Answer 26

Phoneme

Question 27

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system of meaningful units involved in word formation.

Answer 27

Morphology

Question 28

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system that involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

Answer 28

Syntax

Question 29

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system that involves the meaning of words and sentences.

Answer 29

Semantics

Question 30

THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system of using appropriate conversation and knowledge of how to effectively use language in context.

Answer 30

Pragmatics

Question 31

HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
Applying a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning.

Answer 31

Overextension

Question 32

HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
Applying a word too narrowly.

Answer 32

Underextension

Question 33

HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
A form of speech that makes use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs and other connectives.

Answer 33

Telegraphic Speech

Question 34

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Region in the brain’s left frontal lobe** that is involved with **speech production.

Answer 34

Broca’s Area

Question 35

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Region in the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension.

Answer 35

Wernicke’s Area

Question 36

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Noam Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment — allowing a child to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax and semantics.

Answer 36

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Question 37

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A view wherein children learn language in specific contexts.

Answer 37

Interaction View

Question 38

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A form of speech that is a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences.

Answer 38

Child-Directed Speech

Question 39

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
The 3 strategies to enhance a child’s acquisition of language include…?

Answer 39

• Recasting
• Expanding
• Labeling

Question 40

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you rephrase something a child has said.

Answer 40

Recasting

Question 41

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you restate something a child has said.

Answer 41

Expanding

Question 42

ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you identify the names of objects.

Answer 42

Labeling