ASU Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy Flashcards
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.
Schemes
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
The 2 types of Schemes.
- Behavioral
- Mental
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Using existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.
Assimilation
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences.
Accomodation
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system.
Organization
COGNITIVE PROCESSES:
Mechanism by which children shift from one stage of thought to the next.
Equilibration
THE SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
Lasts from when, up to when?
From birth to 2 years of age
THE SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be directly seen, touched or heard.
Object Permanence
EVALUATING PIAGET’S SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
This error occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) rather than the new hiding place (B).
A-not-B Error
EVALUATING PIAGET’S SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:
An approach that states that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems.
Core Knowlege Approach
CONDITIONING:
Focusing of mental resources on select information.
Attention
CONDITIONING:
Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
Habituation
CONDITIONING:
Increase in responsiveness after a change in stimulatio.
Dishabituation
It is the retention of information over time.
Memory
MEMORY:
This form of memory is without conscious recollection - memories of skills and routine procedures are performed automatically.
Implicit Memory
MEMORY:
This form of memory is a conscious remembering of facts and experiences.
Explicit Memory
This involves being flexible and adaptable to your surroundings.
Imitation
IMITATION:
This form of imitation occurs after a delay of hours or days.
Deferred Imitation
Cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people or ideas.
Concepts
MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
Score that combines subscores in motor, language, adaptive and personal-social domains in the Gesell Assessment of Infants.
Developmental Quotient (DQ)
MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
Used to assess infant behavior and predict later development.
The current version has three components:
- Mental Scale
- Motor Scale
- Infant Behavior Profile
Bayley Scales of Infant Development
MEASURES OF INFANT DEVELOPMENT:
This test evaluates an infant’s ability to process information.
Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence
This is a form of communication - spoken, written or signed (based on a system of symbols) - consisting of the words used by a community and the rules for varying and combining them.
Language
DEFINING LANGUAGE:
The ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules.
Infinite Generativity
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The sound system of a language.
Phonology
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
PHONOLOGY: The smallest sound unit in a language.
Phoneme
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system of meaningful units involved in word formation.
Morphology
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system that involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.
Syntax
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system that involves the meaning of words and sentences.
Semantics
THE RULE SYSTEMS OF LANGUAGE:
The system of using appropriate conversation and knowledge of how to effectively use language in context.
Pragmatics
HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
Applying a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning.
Overextension
HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
Applying a word too narrowly.
Underextension
HOW LANGUAGE DEVELOPS:
A form of speech that makes use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs and other connectives.
Telegraphic Speech
BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Region in the brain’s left frontal lobe** that is involved with **speech production.
Broca’s Area
BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Region in the brain’s left hemisphere that is involved in language comprehension.
Wernicke’s Area
BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES:
Noam Chomsky’s term that describes a biological endowment — allowing a child to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax and semantics.
Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A view wherein children learn language in specific contexts.
Interaction View
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A form of speech that is a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences.
Child-Directed Speech
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
The 3 strategies to enhance a child’s acquisition of language include…?
- Recasting
- Expanding
- Labeling
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you rephrase something a child has said.
Recasting
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you restate something a child has said.
Expanding
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES:
A strategy wherein you identify the names of objects.
Labeling
