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Developmental Psychology (Review) > ASU Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy > Flashcards

ASU Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy Flashcards

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1
Q

PATTERNS OF GROWTH: A developmental sequence wherein the earliest growth always occurs at the top, gradually working its way down to the bottom.

A

Cephalocaudal Pattern

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2
Q

PATTERNS OF GROWTH: Sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

A

Proximodistal Pattern

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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Newborns grow about 2 inches per month during the first year

A

FALSE ; Newborns grow only about 1 inch per month

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4
Q

The brain contains approximately ____ neurons at birth.

A

100 Billion

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5
Q

A syndrome that induces brain swelling and hemorrhaging in babies.

A

Shaken Baby Syndrome

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6
Q

Machine that measures the brain’s electrical activity.

A

Electroencephalogram

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7
Q

Portion of the brain farthest from the spinal cord, includes the cerebral cortex and structures beneath it.

A

Forebrain

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8
Q

Specialization of function in one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex or the other.

A

Lateralization

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9
Q

A nerve cell that handles information processing

A

Neurons

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10
Q

A layer of fat cells that helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon

A

Myelin Sheath

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11
Q

The tiny gaps between a neuron’s fibers.

A

Neurotransmitters

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12
Q

The process of encasing axons with fat cells

A

Myelination

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13
Q

A view suggesting that biological processes and environmental conditions influence the brain’s development.

A

Neuroconstructivist View

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14
Q

WHY DO WE SLEEP?
- Because sleep is necessary for survival

A

Evolutionary Perspective

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15
Q

WHY DO WE SLEEP?
- Because it cleans out waste in the neural tissue and rebuilds and replenishes the brain and body

A

Restorative Function

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16
Q

WHY DO WE SLEEP?
- Because it increases synaptic connections between neurons

A

Critical for Brain Plasticity

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE: A typical newborn sleeps approximately 18 hours a day

A

TRUE

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18
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Approximately nearly all hours of an infant’s sleep is under REM sleep

A

FALSE ; only half of it is spent in REM sleep

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19
Q

SHARED SLEEPING: Sharing a bed is common practice in cultures such as those from ___ or ___.

A

Guatemala or China

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20
Q

SHARED SLEEPING: Infants usually sleep in a crib, either in a separate room or their parents’ room in cultures such as those from ____ or ____.

A

The US or Great Britain

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21
Q

A syndrome that occurs when an infant stops breathing, usually at night - resulting in death without an apparent cause.

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE: It’s theorized that sleep may be linked to cognitive development because of sleep’s role in brain maturation and memory consolidation.

A

TRUE

23
Q

How many calories should infants approximately consume per day for each pound they weigh?

A

50 Calories

24
Q

Between breast feeding or bottle feeding - which is better for the baby?

A

Breast Feeding

25
Q

Provide at least three beneficial outcomes of breast feeding for a child

A
  • Lower gastrointestinal infections
  • Lower respiratory tract infections
  • Protects against wheezing in babies
  • Less likely to develop middle ear infections
  • Less likely to become overweight or obese
  • Less likely to develop Type 1 Diabetes
  • Less likely to experience SIDS
26
Q

Provide at least one beneficial outcome of breast feeding for the childbearer

A
  • Lower incidence of breast and ovarian cancer
  • Small reduction in Type 2 Diabetes
27
Q

Provide a reason as to why a childbearer should not breastfeed.

A
  • When infected with HIV or other infectious diseases
  • When inflicted with active tuberculosis
  • When under drug influence
28
Q

Wasting away of body tissues in the infant’s first year, caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency

A

Marasmus

29
Q

Caused by severe protein deficiency, wherein a child’s abdomen and feet become swollen with water.

A

Kwashiorkor

30
Q

A theory suggesting that infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting

A

Dynamic Systems Theory

31
Q

Built-in reactions to stimuli that govern a newborn’s movements ; are automatic and beyond a newborn’s control.

A

Reflexes

32
Q

Type of skills that induce large muscle activities such as walking as well as inducing the development of posture.

A

Gross Motor Skills

33
Q

Dynamic process linked with sensory information on the skin, joints and muscles which tell us where we are in space.

A

Posture

34
Q

Type of skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity.

A

Fine Motor Skills

35
Q

Type of grasp wherein the child grips something with their whole hand.

A

Palmer Grasp

36
Q

Type of grasp wherein the child grasps small objects using their thumb and forefinger.

A

Pincer Grip

37
Q

This occurs when information interacts with our sensory receptors, such as our eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils or skin.

A

Sensation

38
Q

A body’s interpretation of what it just sensed.

A

Perception

39
Q

Perception functions to bring organisms in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation according to …

A

J.J Gibson’s Ecological View

40
Q

Opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities ot perform functional activities

A

Affordances

41
Q

A method that determines whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli.

A

Visual Preference Method

42
Q

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repreated presentations of it.

A

Habituation

43
Q

Recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation

A

Dishabituation

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Color vision manifests within an infant once they’re 9-12 weeks old

A

FALSE ; it manifests as early as 4-8 weeks

45
Q

Sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant

A

Perceptual Constancy

46
Q

Type of constancy wherein there is a recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from it.

A

Size Constancy

47
Q

Type of constancy wherein there is a recognition that an object’s shape remains the same even though its orientation changes

A

Shape Constancy

48
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Babies hear sounds during the last 2 months of pregnancy

A

TRUE

49
Q

Form of perception that involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities

A

Intermodal Perception

50
Q

Nature proponents ; our ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is inborn or innate

A

Nativists

51
Q

Emphasis on learning and experience

A

Empiricists

52
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Perception and action are NOT isolated, but are coupled.

A

TRUE

53
Q

TRUE or FALSE: We perceive in order to move and move in order to perceive.

A

TRUE

54
Q

The 4 Major Lobes of the Brain are…?

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Occipital
  • Temporal

Developmental Psychology (Review) (32 decks)

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