PRELIM LEC 3: CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards
Deletions of a copy of 25-27 genes of chromosome 7
WILLIAMS- BEUREN SYNDROME
- common in all connective tissue
- synthesize and secretes COLLAGEN & ELASTIN
- involves in wound healing
- targets GROWTH FACTOR
- composed of GROUND SUBSTANCE ( GAGS, PROTEOGLYCAN, MULTIADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEIN)
FIBROBLASTS
Well developed contractile function and are enriched with a form of ACTIN also found in smooth muscle cells
MYOFIBROBLAST
Forms the exoskeleton
ECTODERM
- SKIN CELLS ON EPIDERMIS
- NEURONS ON BRAIN
- PIGMENT CELLS
Develop into organs
MESODERM
- CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS
- SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
- SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS
- RED BLOOD CELLS
- TUBULE CELLS OF KIDNEYS
Forms the inner lining of organs
ENDODERM
- LUNG CELLS (ALVEOLAR CELLS)
- THYROID CELLS
- DIGESTIVE CELLS (PANCREATIC CELLS
CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- FIBROBLASTS
- ADIPOCYTES
- MACROPHAGE AND MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
- MAST CELLS
- PLASMA CELLS
- LEUKOCYTES
- specialized for cytoplasm storage of lipid
- for production of heat
ADIPOCYTES
Large population of adipocyte
ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- highly developed phagocytic ability
- specialized in removal of apoptotic cells, tissue debris or other particular materials.
- present in connective tissue in most organs
- and pathologists called it as HISTIOCYTES
MACROPHAGES
Form in the yolk sac during embryonic development
MONOCYTE
Group of related cells of macrophage
MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
- oval, irregular shape cells
- 7-20 um
- display METACHROMASIA
- originates form the cell in the bone marrow
- release many bioactive substances: HEPARIN, HISTAMINE, SERINE PROTEASE, EOSINOPHIL AND NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS, CYTOKINES and PHOSPHOLIPID PRECURSOR
MAST CELLS
small blood vessels
PERIVASCULAR MAST CELLS
Tissue that lines the digestive tract and respiratory tract
MUCOSAL MAST CELLS
Increase vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
HISTAMINE
Activate various mediators of inflammation
SERINE PROTEASE
Attracts leukocytes
EOSINOPHILS AND NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS
Directing activities of leukocytes
CYTOKINES
Can be converted into lipid mediators of inflammatory response
PHOSPHOLIPID PRECURSOR
- lymphocyte-derived antibody - producing cells
- LIFE SPAN: 10-20 DAYS
- AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA: characterized by the absence/extremely LOW LEVELS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN
(B - lymphocyte and T - lymphocyte)
PLASMA CELLS
- derived from circulating blood cells
- leave body by migrating between the endothelial cells of venules to enter connective tissue
- increases greatly during inflammation
LEUKOCYTES
- most abundant protein in the body
- MAJOR PRODUCT OF FIBROBLAST
- KEY ELEMENT of all connective tissue as well as epithelial basement membrane and the external lamina of muscle and nerve cell
COLLAGEN
TYPES OF COLLAGEN
- have POLYPEPTIDE SUBUNITS THAT AGGREGATE to large fibrils, clearly visible in light election microscope
FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN ( type I, II, III)
TYPE OF COLLAGEN
- NETWORK SHEET FORMING, have subunits produced by epithelial cells and are major structural proteins of external laminae and of all basal laminae
NETWORK-FORMING COLLAGEN (type IV)
TYPE OF COLLAGEN
- short collagens that LINK FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS to one another ( forming larger fibers) and other
LINKING/ANCHORING COLLAGEN
- found in delicate connective tissue of many organs, notably in immune system
- consist mainly of collagen type III which forms an extensive network ( reticulum) of thin fiber for the support of many different cells
- SELDOM VISIBLE in H&E but are characteristically stained black after impregnation with SILVER SALTS thus termed ARGYROPHILIC
- PERIODIC ACID - SCHIFF = positive
- produce by fibroblast occurs in RETICULAR LAMINA of basement membrane
- surrounds adipocytes, smooth muscle & nerve fibers and small blood vessels
RETICULAR FIBERS
- THINNER THAN TYPE I COLLAGEN
- form sparse networks
- rubber like properties such as the stroma of the lungs
- wall of large blood vessels
- stained with ORCEIN & ALDEHYDE FUCHSIN
ELASTIC FIBERS
Fenestrated sheets
ELASTIC LAMELLAE
- not strongly acidic and stained poorly with H&E
ELASTIC FIBERS & LAMELLAE
- highly hydrated, transparent, complex mixtures of 3 major kind molecules:
- GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS
- PROTEOGLYCANS
- MULTIADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEIN
GROUND SUBSTANCE
Forms a viscous reticular network which binds considerable amount of water
HYALURONAN
4 major GAGS found in PROTEOGLYCANS
- DERMATAN SULFATE
- CHONDROITIN SULFATE
- KERATAN SULFATE
- HEPARAN SULFATE
- synthesized on the RER, mature in GOLGI APPARATUS, where the GAG side-chains are added , and secreted from cells to exocytosis
GLYCOPROTEINS
- Best studied proteoglycan
- abundant in cartilage
AGGRECAN
- Water in the ground substance of connective tissue
- has an ion composition similar to blood plasma
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
