FINALs LAB: URINALYSIS Flashcards
A test of your urine. It’s used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract
infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.
URINALYSIS
An ultrafiltrate of plasma.
URINE
Characteristics of Urine:
Colored somewhat yellow due to the pigment ___ and ____
urochrome and solutes
Characteristics of Urine:
o Sterile
o Slightly aromatic
o Normal pH: 4.6-8.0; Average pH: 6.0
o Specific gravity of 1.001 to 1.035.
Urine Composition:
- 95% water and 5% solutes
-Consist of urea and other organic and inorganic chemicals
is the metabolic waste product/major organic substance produced in the liver from
the breakdown of protein and amino acids.
UREA
Other organic substances:
- Creatinine
- Uric Acid
is the major inorganic solid dissolved in urine.
CHLORIDE
Other inorganic substances:
- Sodium
- Potassium
Other substances found in the urine:
▪ Hormones
▪ Vitamins
▪ Medication
Urine also contains formed elements:
▪ Cells
▪ Casts
▪ Crystal
▪ Mucus
▪ Bacteria
– main determinant of urine volume
WATER
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE URINE VOLUME:
▪ Fluid intake.
▪ Fluid loss from nonrenal sources.
▪ Variations in the secretion of ADH.
▪ Need to excrete an increased amount of dissolved solids.
Urine Volume
Normal range (24hrs)
600-2000mL
Urine Volume
Average volume (24hrs)
1200 – 1500Ml
Recommended capacity of specimen containers is?
50 mL
ALL SPECIMENS MUST BE LABELED PROPERLY WITH THE?
- Patient’s Name
- Identification Number
- Date and Time of Collection
- patient’s age
- physician’s name
REQUISITION FORMS MUST ACCOMPANY SPECIMENS delivered to the laboratory
and the time the specimen is received should be recorded on the form.
TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
Urine should be brought to the laboratory within?
within 1 hour.
RECOMMENDED TYPE OF URINE SPECIMEN:
MIDSTREAM – CLEAN CATCH SPECIMEN
- SAFER, less traumatic method of obtaining urine for bacterial culture.
- Provide patients with appropriate cleansing material, sterile containers, and instructions for cleansing and voiding.
Check the color of the urine sample on a ________ with a good light source.
WHITE BACKGROUND
Check the clarity of the urine sample on a ______________
PRINTED WHITE
BACKGROUND
The normal odor of freshly voided urine is FAINTLY AROMATIC due to ________
volatile acids
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
o PROCEDURES
▪ Refractometry
▪ Urinometry
▪ Osmolality
▪ Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry
▪ Reagent Strip Specific Gravity
URINALYSIS PROCEDURE:
- Physical Examination
- Chemical Examination
- Microscopic Examination
Recent fluid consumption
WHAT COLOR?
Colorless
Polyuria or diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, Diluted random specimen
WHAT COLOR?
Pale yellow
Normal color of urine
WHAT COLOR?
Yellow
Concentrated urine
WHAT COLOR?
Dark yellow
Dehydrated
WHAT COLOR?
Amber
Bilirubin, acriflavine, pyridium, nitrofurantoin, phenindione
WHAT COLOR?
Orange
Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin
WHAT COLOR?
Yellow green/yellow brown
Pseudomonas infection
WHAT COLOR?
Green
Clorets, indicant, phenol, methylene blue, robaxin
WHAT COLOR?
Blue-green
RBCs, hemoglobin, myoglobin, porphyrin, rifampin, menstruation
WHAT COLOR?
Pink-red
Methemoglobin, homogentisic acid, melanin, argyrols, levodopa, flagyl
WHAT COLOR?
Brown/black
CLARITY:
No visible particulates, transparent.
Clear
CLARITY:
Few particulates, print easily seen through urine.
Hazy
CLARITY:
Many particulates, print blurred through urine.
Cloudy
CLARITY:
Print cannot be seen through urine.
Turbid
CLARITY:
May precipitate or be clotted.
Milky
Manner of Reporting for Epithelial Cell:
0-5 ECs
RARE
Manner of Reporting for Epithelial Cell:
5-15 ECs
FEW
Manner of Reporting for Epithelial Cell:
15-20 ECs
MODERATE
Manner of Reporting for Epithelial Cell:
> 20 ECs
MANY
