PRELIM 02 - Powders Flashcards
Are intimate mixtures of drugs that is intended for internal or external use
Powders
Powders that are taken orally after mixing with water or inhaled for local effects or systemic effect
Internal use medicated powders
Powders that are dusted on the affected area from sifter-type container or applied from powder aerosol
External use medicated powders
Process of reducing the particle size of the powder to increase the solubility of the powder
Comminution/Particle size reduction
2 types of comminution
Large Scale, Extemporaneous/Small scale
Uses large mills and pulverizers (Type of comminution/particle size reduction)
Large scale
Utilizes trituration, pulverization by intervention, and levigation (Type of comminution/particle size reduction)
Extemporaneous/Small-scale
3 types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution
Trituration, Pulverization with intervention, Levigation
Grinding a drug with the use of mortar and pestle (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)
Trituration
Adding of volatile substance that aid in pulverization process (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)
Pulverization with intervention
Commonly used in small scale preparation of ointments to reduce the grittiness of added powders (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)
Levigation
Refers to an agent that is a small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble; used in levigation
Levigating agent
Type of mortar that has a rough surface
Porcelain mortar
Type of mortar that has a smooth surface
Glass mortar
Process when two or more powdered substances are to be combined to form a uniform mixture
Blending/Mixing
Process of reducing the particle size of solid before mixing with other components, further processing, or incorporation into a final product
Mixing
2 types of blending/mixing
Large scale, Extemporaneous/Small scale
5 types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing
Spatulation, Trituration, Sifting, Tumbling, Geometric dilution
Process of the movement of spatula on a sheet of paper/ointment tile (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)
Spatulation
Are mixtures that liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another
Eutetic mixtures
Process of comminuting and mixing powders; involves the use of mortar and pestle (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)
Trituration
4 kinds of mortar and pestle
Glass, Wedgewood, Porcelain, Metal
Has non-porous, smooth surface used for suspensions and ointments (Types of mortar and pestle)
Glass
Used for crystalline solids (Types of mortar and pestle)
Wedgewood
Used for soft aggregates/crystalline (Types of mortar and pestle)
Porcelain
Not to be used in reactive substance (Types of mortar and pestle)
Metal
Process where powders are mixed by passing through sifters; results in light, fluffy product (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)
Sifting
Process of blending powders in a rotating chamber; mixing is thorough but time consuming (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)
Tumbling
Used when a small amount of potent substance is mixed with a large amount of diluent (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)
Geometric dilution
Process where particles are passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves (Methods of determining particle size)
Sieving
Process where particles are sized through the use of a calibrated grid background (Methods of determining particle size)
Microscopy
Process where particle size is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles through a liquid medium in a gravitational or centrifugal environment (Methods of determining particle size)
Sedimentation rate
Range used in sedimentation rate
0.8-300 micrometers
Sedimentation rate is calculated using the __________
Stoke’s law
Process of determining the reduction in light reaching the sensor as it passes through a sensor (Methods of determining particle size)
Light energy diffraction/Light scattering
Process where purified laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and photographed in three dimensions with a holographic camera (Methods of determining particle size)
Laser holography
Process that is driven by airstreams that will hit a surface in its path, provided that its inertia is sufficient to overcome the drag force that tends to keep in the airstreams (Methods of determining particle size)
Cascade impaction
Nmt 20% thru a No. 60 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)
Very coarse (No. 8 sieve)
Nmt 40% thru a No. 60 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)
Coarse (No. 20 sieve)
Nmt 40% thru a No. 80 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)
Moderately coarse (No. 40 sieve)
Nmt 40% thru a No. 100 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)
Fine (No. 60 sieve)
No limit to greater fineness (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)
Very fine (No. 80 sieve)
2 types of powders
Bulk, Divided
Are powders dispersed in bulk form (Types of powders)
Bulk powders
A bulk powder that is dissolved in warm water for vaginal use
Douche powder
Powders that are in divided portions and are administered in controlled dosage (Types of powders)
Divided powders
Latin name for divided powders
Chartulae/Chartula
3 synonyms for chartulae/chartula
Chart, Powder paper, Powder pockets
Divided powders are made using __________ method
Block and divide method
4 types of papers used as packaging materials
Simple bond paper, Vegetable parchment, Glassine, Waxed paper
Opaque paper with no moisture-resistant properties (Types of papers used as packaging materials)
Simple bond paper
Thin, semi-opaque paper with limited moisture resistance (Types of papers used as packaging materials)
Vegetable parchment
Glazed transparent paper with limited moisture resistance (Types of papers used as packaging materials)
Glassine
Transparent, waterproof paper (Types of papers used as packaging materials)
Waxed paper
4 commercially available sizes for powder papers
2.75 x 3.75 in, 3 x 4.5 in, 3.75 x 5 in, 4.5 x 6 in
Divided powders can be prepared by __________ and __________
Individual weighing, Block and divide method
Involves weighing separately before enfolding in a paper using a digital analytical balance (Methods of preparing divided powders)
Individual weighing
Involved placing the prepared powder on a flat surface, forming a rectangular block of paper, and cutting the divided portions lengthwise and crosswise (Methods of preparing divided powders)
Block and divide method
