PRELIM 02 - Powders Flashcards by Juan Carlos Cornelio

Are intimate mixtures of drugs that is intended for internal or external use

Powders

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Powders that are taken orally after mixing with water or inhaled for local effects or systemic effect

Internal use medicated powders

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Powders that are dusted on the affected area from sifter-type container or applied from powder aerosol

External use medicated powders

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Process of reducing the particle size of the powder to increase the solubility of the powder

Comminution/Particle size reduction

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2 types of comminution

Large Scale, Extemporaneous/Small scale

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Uses large mills and pulverizers (Type of comminution/particle size reduction)

Large scale

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Utilizes trituration, pulverization by intervention, and levigation (Type of comminution/particle size reduction)

Extemporaneous/Small-scale

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3 types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution

Trituration, Pulverization with intervention, Levigation

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Grinding a drug with the use of mortar and pestle (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)

Trituration

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Adding of volatile substance that aid in pulverization process (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)

Pulverization with intervention

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Commonly used in small scale preparation of ointments to reduce the grittiness of added powders (Types of extemporaneous/small scale comminution)

Levigation

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Refers to an agent that is a small amount of liquid in which the powder is insoluble; used in levigation

Levigating agent

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Type of mortar that has a rough surface

Porcelain mortar

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Type of mortar that has a smooth surface

Glass mortar

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Process when two or more powdered substances are to be combined to form a uniform mixture

Blending/Mixing

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Process of reducing the particle size of solid before mixing with other components, further processing, or incorporation into a final product

Mixing

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2 types of blending/mixing

Large scale, Extemporaneous/Small scale

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5 types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing

Spatulation, Trituration, Sifting, Tumbling, Geometric dilution

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Process of the movement of spatula on a sheet of paper/ointment tile (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)

Spatulation

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Are mixtures that liquefy when in close and prolonged contact with one another

Eutetic mixtures

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Process of comminuting and mixing powders; involves the use of mortar and pestle (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)

Trituration

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4 kinds of mortar and pestle

Glass, Wedgewood, Porcelain, Metal

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Has non-porous, smooth surface used for suspensions and ointments (Types of mortar and pestle)

Glass

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Used for crystalline solids (Types of mortar and pestle)

Wedgewood

Used for soft aggregates/crystalline (Types of mortar and pestle)

Porcelain

Not to be used in reactive substance (Types of mortar and pestle)

Metal

Process where powders are mixed by passing through sifters; results in light, fluffy product (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)

Sifting

Process of blending powders in a rotating chamber; mixing is thorough but time consuming (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)

Tumbling

Used when a small amount of potent substance is mixed with a large amount of diluent (Types of extemporaneous/small scale blending/mixing)

Geometric dilution

Process where particles are passed by mechanical shaking through a series of sieves (Methods of determining particle size)

Sieving

Process where particles are sized through the use of a calibrated grid background (Methods of determining particle size)

Microscopy

Process where particle size is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocity of particles through a liquid medium in a gravitational or centrifugal environment (Methods of determining particle size)

Sedimentation rate

Range used in sedimentation rate

0.8-300 micrometers

Sedimentation rate is calculated using the __________

Stoke's law

Process of determining the reduction in light reaching the sensor as it passes through a sensor (Methods of determining particle size)

Light energy diffraction/Light scattering

Process where purified laser is fired through an aerosolized particle spray and photographed in three dimensions with a holographic camera (Methods of determining particle size)

Laser holography

Process that is driven by airstreams that will hit a surface in its path, provided that its inertia is sufficient to overcome the drag force that tends to keep in the airstreams (Methods of determining particle size)

Cascade impaction

Nmt 20% thru a No. 60 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)

Very coarse (No. 8 sieve)

Nmt 40% thru a No. 60 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)

Coarse (No. 20 sieve)

Nmt 40% thru a No. 80 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)

Moderately coarse (No. 40 sieve)

Nmt 40% thru a No. 100 sieve (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)

Fine (No. 60 sieve)

No limit to greater fineness (USP standard for powders of animal & vegetable drugs)

Very fine (No. 80 sieve)

2 types of powders

Bulk, Divided

Are powders dispersed in bulk form (Types of powders)

Bulk powders

A bulk powder that is dissolved in warm water for vaginal use

Douche powder

Powders that are in divided portions and are administered in controlled dosage (Types of powders)

Divided powders

Latin name for divided powders

Chartulae/Chartula

3 synonyms for chartulae/chartula

Chart, Powder paper, Powder pockets

Divided powders are made using __________ method

Block and divide method

4 types of papers used as packaging materials

Simple bond paper, Vegetable parchment, Glassine, Waxed paper

Opaque paper with no moisture-resistant properties (Types of papers used as packaging materials)

Simple bond paper

Thin, semi-opaque paper with limited moisture resistance (Types of papers used as packaging materials)

Vegetable parchment

Glazed transparent paper with limited moisture resistance (Types of papers used as packaging materials)

Glassine

Transparent, waterproof paper (Types of papers used as packaging materials)

Waxed paper

4 commercially available sizes for powder papers

2.75 x 3.75 in, 3 x 4.5 in, 3.75 x 5 in, 4.5 x 6 in

Divided powders can be prepared by __________ and __________

Individual weighing, Block and divide method

Involves weighing separately before enfolding in a paper using a digital analytical balance (Methods of preparing divided powders)

Individual weighing

Involved placing the prepared powder on a flat surface, forming a rectangular block of paper, and cutting the divided portions lengthwise and crosswise (Methods of preparing divided powders)

Block and divide method