MIDTERM 01 - Ointments Flashcards
A semisolid preparation intended for external application to skin and mucous membrane
Ointment/Salve/Charisma
2 types of ointments
Medicated, Non-medicated
Used for treatment of cutaneous diseases, and has local and systemic effects (Types of ointments)
Medicated ointment
Referred to as “ointment bases”; used for their physical effects such as a protectant, emollient or lubricating effects, or use as vehicles in medicated ointments (Types of ointments)
Non-medicated ointment
2 methods of ointment preparation (MF)
Mechanical incorporation/Levigation, Fusion
Reducing to impalpable powder to reduce grittiness and form a very smooth nucleus (Methods of ointment preparation)
Mechanical incorporation/Levigation
Involves heating first the substance with high melting point like wax and spermaceti using water bath before adding soft, oleaginous material (Methods of ointment preparation)
Fusion
__________ are bases used for medicated ointments
Ointment bases
Has an emollient effect; it remains on the skin for long periods and is difficult to wash off (Types of ointment bases)
Oleaginous bases/Hydrocarbon bases
Purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum (Levigating agents for oleaginous bases)
Petrolatum, USP
Commercial product derived from Petrolatum, USP
Vaseline
Wholly or nearly decolorized purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from petrolatum; used for diaper rash and dry skin (Levigating agents for oleaginous bases)
White petrolatum, USP
Commercial product derived from white petrolatum, USP
White Vaseline
Purified wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee Apis mellifera; has slightly greater viscosity than plain petrolatum (Examples of oleaginous bases)
Yellow ointment, USP
Ointment that consists of white wax and white petrolatum
White ointment
Is not easily removed from skin with water washing; possesses some power of penetration into the deepest layers of the skin (Types of ointment bases)
Absorption base
Has the ability to absorb water with the formation of W/O emulsion; composed of stearyl alcohol, white wax, cholesterol, and white petrolatum
Hydrophilic petrolatum
Commercial product derived from hydrophilic petrolatum
Aquaphor
May contain NMT 0.25% water; is insoluble in water but mixes without separation with about 2x its weight in water (Levigating agents for absorption bases)
Anhydrous lanolin, USP
Synonym for anhydrous lanolin, USP
Refined wool fat
Obtained from the wool of sheep (Ovis aries); is a purified waxlike substance that is cleaned, deodorized, and decolorized (Levigating agents for absorption bases)
Lanolin, USP
Synonym for lanolin, USP
Hydrous wool fat
Is a semisolid white W/O emulsion; used as an emollient and base (Examples of absorption bases)
Cold cream, USP
It is a W/O emulsion of petrolatum, mineral oil, mineral wax, wool wax, alcohol, and bronopol; is an example of cold cream
Eucerin cream
Are O/W emulsions resembling creams; the aqueous external phase is easily washed from the skin and can absorb serous discharges
Water-removable bases (Water-washable bases)
Is employed as a water removable vehicle for medicinal substances (Example of water-removable bases)
Hydrophilic ointment
Do not contain oleaginous components; are water washable, and often referred to as greaseless (Types of ointment bases)
Water-soluble bases
An ointment that is a polymer of ethylene oxide and water
Polyethylene glycol ointment
