PRELAB 1: History of Industrial Micro

Question 1

Fermentation came from the root word ferment which is derived from the Latin verb (1) ___ which means (2)
It is also associated with the Latin (3) ____ which means (4) _______

Answer 1

(1) fervere - (2) “to boil”
(3) fermentare - (4) “to rise or leaven”

Question 2

Is often referred to as a leavening agent as it helps the dough rise

Answer 2

Yeasts

Question 3

Definition of fermentation in industrial microbiology

Answer 3

any process in which microorganisms are grown on a large scale, even if the final electron acceptor is not an organic compound

Question 4

Food microbiology focuses on the biological aspects of (1), including (2), (3), and (4) to prevent (5)

It addresses methods to combat (6)

Answer 4

(1) food
(2) food spoilage
(3) food-borne disease
(4) bioprocessing
(5) food spoilage
(6) food borne-pathogen

Question 5

Early food preservation
- give the dates and major breakthrough

Answer 5

900 AD (Anno Domino) - food poisoning was recognized
1795 - canning by Nicolas Appert
1854-1864 - food micro becomes a science, pasteurization

Question 6

900 AD
(1) time of
(2) what happened at the time
(3) severe cases led to

Answer 6

(1) Emperor Leo VI of Byzantium- ancient Greek city located in Istanbul Turkey
(2) Emperor Leo VI issued an edict to forbid the consumption of blood sausages based on the observation that it caused illness, food poisoning
(3) botulism

Question 7

botulism
(1) cause
(2) symptoms

Answer 7

(1) Clostridium botulism - releases toxins that attacks the nerves
(2) difficulty in breathing, muscle paralysis, leading to death if untreated

Question 8

1795
(1) who
(2) what preservation method
(3) it involves
(4) this method is called
(5) Definition

Answer 8

(1) Nicolas Appert
(2) canning
(3) it involves the process food being boiled before storing in jars
(4) Appertization
(5) preserving of food or preventing food from being spoiled by storing in sealed containers sterilized with heat.

Question 9

1854-1864
(1) who
(2) he is famous for the process called
(3) the said process involves
(4) examples
(5) contribution

Answer 9

(1) Louis Pasteur
(2) Pasteurization
(3) heating amounts of liquid at high temp for short time
(4) milk, wine, juice
(5) discovered the scientific basis for preservation methods making food biology recognized as science