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J Repro > Pregnancy - PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

Pregnancy - PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

which part of the blastocyte invades the decidual tissue of the uterus to make a placenta

A

trophoblast (outer part of blastocyte)

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2
Q

do maternal and fetal blood mix

A

no

theres a layer of tissue between them

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3
Q

what structure between the placenta and uterus allows for optimum transport

A

villi

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4
Q

what is the gradient of exchange at the placenta

A

high to low

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5
Q

what things go into embryo at the placenta (5)

A 
O2
glucose 
water
electrolytes 
teratogens (drugs that cross the placenta eg carbamazepine)
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6
Q

what things leave the embryo at placenta (3)

A

CO2
fatty acids
waste

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7
Q

what hormone is measure when doing a pregnancy test

A

hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)

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8
Q

what does hCG do to the body

A

prevents corpus luteum evolution

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9
Q

what hormones are high during pregnancy

A 
hCG 
HCS 
oestrogen 
progesterone 
CRH (causes increased ACTH)
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10
Q

what does increased CRH in pregnancy increase the risk of

A

gestational diabetes (increases ACTH = increases cortisol and aldosterone = hypertension, insulin resistance etc)

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11
Q

how does the breast change during pregnancy

A

lobules (ducts etc) enlarge

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12
Q

what are the contents of breast milk

A 
water 90% 
protein 
carbs 
lipids
ions 
IgA
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13
Q

which Ig is in breast milk

A

IgA

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14
Q

how are proteins secreted for breast milk

A

exocytosis

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15
Q

how is fat/lipids secreted for breast milk

A

apocrine secretion

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16
Q

what stimulates milk production

A

prolactin

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17
Q

what stimulates milk release

A

oxytocin

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18
Q

what happens to mums cardiac output during pregnancy

A

increases - to compensate for placenta

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19
Q

what happens to mums hr during pregnancy

A

increases

20
Q

what happens to mums bp in first trimester

A

decreases

21
Q

what happens to mums bp in 2nd/3rd trimester

A

often increases

22
Q

what happens to mums breathing pregnancy

what ABG is associated with this

A

increases = hyperventilation

decreased CO2 (bc hyperventilation) = pH increases 
= respiratory alkalosis
23
Q

what is normal maternal weight gain

A

24lbs

24
Q

how long is first trimester

A

13 weeks

25
Q

how long is second trimester

A

15 weeks (ends at 28 weeks)

26
Q

how long is third trimester

A

12 weeks (ends at 40 weeks)

27
Q

how do you investigate pregnancy

A

hCG in urine

28
Q

what stimulates production of prolactin

A

placental expulsion
childs cry
decreased oestorgen and progesterone (increased in pregnancy)

29
Q

what is the ‘first milk’ called

A

colostrum milk

30
Q

what is the volume,fat content and immune content of colostrum milk (first milk)

A

low volume
low fat
lots of immune proteins

31
Q

what stimulates the production of oxytocin

A

baby suckling

= stimulates hypothalamus = oxytocin

oxytocin = release of milk

32
Q

what is the rooting reflex expected in babies

example of this in breast feeding

A

when something strokes check they turn towards the stimulus

eg when breast strokes cheek = turn toward the nipple

33
Q

what is the suckling reflex

A

when something (eg nipple) enters baby mouth = suck

34
Q

2 reflexes baby uses when breast feeding

A

rooting reflex

suckling reflex

35
Q

how many feeds should a baby get if breast feeding

A

6-15 per 24 hours

36
Q

when should there be an introduction of solids

A

6 months

37
Q

does breast feeding increase or decrease your risk of breast cancer

A

breastfeeding decreases breast cancer risk

38
Q

what does breastfeeding protect the baby from

A

infections - gastroenteritis, NEC etc

bc of immunity

39
Q

how does engorgement of breasts during breast feeding present

A

painful swelling

no redness

40
Q

management of engorgement during breast feeding

A

continue breast feeding

41
Q

how often should a baby wet a nappy and soil a nappy if sufficient milk

A

wet nappy - 6 times per day

soiled nappy - 3 times per day

42
Q

how does mastitis of breasts during breast feeding present

what causes it

A

red inflamed breasts

caused by blocked duct

43
Q

management of mastitis during breast feeding

A

continue breast feeding

1g flucloxacillin QDS

44
Q

formula provides everything breast milk does apart form what (2)

A

immunity and bonding

45
Q

is breast milk or formula superior

A

breast milk

46
Q

what should the intake of formula milk be per day for a baby

A

150ml/kg per 24h

J Repro (28 decks)

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