Pregnancy - PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
which part of the blastocyte invades the decidual tissue of the uterus to make a placenta
trophoblast (outer part of blastocyte)
do maternal and fetal blood mix
no
theres a layer of tissue between them
what structure between the placenta and uterus allows for optimum transport
villi
what is the gradient of exchange at the placenta
high to low
what things go into embryo at the placenta (5)
O2 glucose water electrolytes teratogens (drugs that cross the placenta eg carbamazepine)
what things leave the embryo at placenta (3)
CO2
fatty acids
waste
what hormone is measure when doing a pregnancy test
hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin)
what does hCG do to the body
prevents corpus luteum evolution
what hormones are high during pregnancy
hCG HCS oestrogen progesterone CRH (causes increased ACTH)
what does increased CRH in pregnancy increase the risk of
gestational diabetes (increases ACTH = increases cortisol and aldosterone = hypertension, insulin resistance etc)
how does the breast change during pregnancy
lobules (ducts etc) enlarge
what are the contents of breast milk
water 90% protein carbs lipids ions IgA
which Ig is in breast milk
IgA
how are proteins secreted for breast milk
exocytosis
how is fat/lipids secreted for breast milk
apocrine secretion
what stimulates milk production
prolactin
what stimulates milk release
oxytocin
what happens to mums cardiac output during pregnancy
increases - to compensate for placenta
what happens to mums hr during pregnancy
increases
what happens to mums bp in first trimester
decreases
what happens to mums bp in 2nd/3rd trimester
often increases
what happens to mums breathing pregnancy
what ABG is associated with this
increases = hyperventilation
decreased CO2 (bc hyperventilation) = pH increases = respiratory alkalosis
what is normal maternal weight gain
24lbs
how long is first trimester
13 weeks
