Menopause

Question 1

climacteric definition

Answer 1

the symptoms associated with menopause

Question 2

average age of menopause

Answer 2

51

Question 3

early menopause

Answer 3

<45yo

Question 4

premature menopause

Answer 4

<40yo

Question 5

late menopause

Answer 5

> 54yo

Question 6

which hormone falls in menopause

Answer 6

oestrogen

Question 7

what does decreased oestrogen in menopause cause (3)

Answer 7

vaginal dryness
osteoporosis
atrophy of oestrogen dependent tissues eg genitalia, breasts

Question 8

if you have a hysterectomy with both ovaries removed, how will you experience menopause

Answer 8

you wont!

Question 9

if you have a hysterectomy with one/no ovaries removed, how will you experience menopause

Answer 9

you will experience menopausal symptoms (climacteric) but just not the menstrual irregularity (bc you don’t have a uterus)

Question 10

what happens to periods in menopause

Answer 10

menorrhagia - irregular, abnormally heavy

Question 11

what happens to mood in menopause

Answer 11

decreased mood, difficulty concentrating

Question 12

what does vasomotor disturbance cause in menopause

Answer 12

night sweats hot flushes

= decreased sleep = decreased mood

Question 13

diagnosis of menopause

Answer 13

symptoms and >45yo = diagnosis

blood tests is <45yo

Question 14

what dietary changes should you make during menopause

what contains plant oestrogens = decreases symptoms

Answer 14

increase calcium - to prevent osteoporosis

soya - has plant oestorgens = decreases symptoms

Question 15

what can you give for vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes and night sweats)

Answer 15

HRT - combined oral contraceptive pill or oestorgen only pill
clonidine

Question 16

what does oestrogen only pill increase risk of

hence only when can you give it

Answer 16

increases risk of endometrial cancer

only give oestrogen only pill if no uterus (hysterectomy)

Question 17

what does HRT increase you risk of

Answer 17

DVT

Question 18

treatment of mood swings/anxiety in menopause

Answer 18

SSRIs

Question 19

treatment of menorrhagia (abnormal heavy bleeding) in menopause

Answer 19

mefenamic acid (all the time) and tranexamic acid (take during period)
or mirena coil

Question 20

what type of drug is tranexamic acid

what does tranexamic acid do to period

Answer 20

anti fibrinolytic = blood clots are harder to break = bleed less

Question 21

what type of drug is mefenamic acid

what does it do to periods

Answer 21

NSAID = decreases blood supply = decreases bleeding

Question 22

treatment of vaginal dryness (vaginal atrophy) in menopause

Answer 22

oestrogen cream

Question 23

how long do you continue contraception for after menopause (bc risk of fertility)

Answer 23

2 years after menopause stopped