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J Repro > PHYSIOLOGY - females > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY - females Flashcards

1
Q

which hormone produced by the hypothalamus is responsible for reproduction

A

GnRH

mainly GnRH1

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2
Q

half life of GnRH

A

2 mins

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3
Q

GnRH from the hypothalamus stimulates the … to produce … and …

A

anterior pituitary

produces LH and FSH

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4
Q

which cells does LH act on

A

theca cells

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5
Q

what does LH do (2 things)

A

ovulation (egg release)

androgens (causing oestrogen release)

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6
Q

which cells does FSH act on

A

granulosa cells

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7
Q

what does FSH do (2)

A 
oestrogen release (from ovaries)
follicle maturation
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8
Q

LH surge

A

ovulation

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9
Q

which gland make LH

A

anterior pituitary

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10
Q

which gland makes FSH

A

anterior pituitary

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11
Q

what does FSH stand for

A

follicle stimulating hormone

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12
Q

what does LH stand for

A

lutenising hormone

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13
Q

what type of hormone is oestrogen

A

steroid hormone

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14
Q

which hormone is important for controlling female characteristics

A

oestrogen

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15
Q

what does oestrogen production do to FSH

why

A

decreases FSH

bc FSH causes oestrogen production, so if lots of oestrogen = don’t need FSH

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16
Q

what 3 things stimulate oestrogen release

what 1 thing inhibits oestrogen release

A

LH, FSH and activin - stimulate oestrogen release

inhibin - inhibits oestrogen release

17
Q

which 2 places is oestrogen normally made in

where else can it be made

A

theca cells
granulosa cells

fat and bone (eg in men can still make oestrogen)

18
Q

precursors of oestrogen

A

cholesterol and aromatase enzyme

19
Q

what is the clinical significance of extraglandular oestrogen synthesis (in bone and fat, rather than theca and granulosa cells)

A

men (especially if fat) can make oestrogen = erectile dysfunction

20
Q

what does oestrogen do to the endometrium

A

thickens it

21
Q

where is progesterone made

A

corpus luteum

hence peak of progesterone 1 week after ovulation when released for corpus luteum

22
Q

what hormone needs to be present to make progesterone

A

oestrogen

23
Q

what does progesterone inhibit the secretion of

A

LH

24
Q

which nuclei in the hypothalamus makes GnRH

A

arcuate nucleus

25
Q

mean duration of menstrual cycle

A

28 days

26
Q

ovulation day in cycle

A

day 14 (mid cycle)

27
Q

normal age of menarche

A

8-16 (avg 12)

28
Q

how long does the proliferative/follicular phase last

A

days 1-14

29
Q

what happens during the proliferative/follicular phase

what hormone causes this

A

stimulation follicle development

caused by LH and FSH

30
Q

follicles secrete oestrogen, what does this mean about the oestrogen levels at end of follicular phase

why is this important

A

oestrogen Is high bc follicle has matured

oestrogen thickens endometrium ready for pregnancy

31
Q

in a period that doesn’t last 28 days, how do you calculate ovulation date

A

14 days before menstruation (not 14 days after)

32
Q

what happens to a follicle at ovulation

A

it ruptures = ovary releases ova into fallopian tube

33
Q

when does the secretory/luteal phase happen

A

days 15-28 (after ovulation)

34
Q

what happens to follicles after ovulation

what are they now called

A

empty follicle
absorbs keratin = looks yellow
releases progesterone

called a corpus luteum

35
Q

when is there a progesterone peak

A

1 week after ovulation (during luteal phase)

when the corpus luteum releases progesterone

36
Q

as the endometrium sheds (during luteal phase) what happens to progesterone
what does this cause

A

after progesterone peak (when released from follicles) progesterone DROPS bc youre not pregnant = no need for it any more

decreased progesterone = increased FSH and LH from anterior pituitary = new menstrual cycle starts

37
Q

where are the 2 peaks in oestrogen in the menstrual cycle

A

just before ovulation

luteal phase

38
Q

why is progesterone peak in luteal phase

A

progesterone is released form corpus luteum

39
Q

why is oestrogen peak in follicular phase

A

to thicken the endometrium for potential pregnancy

J Repro (28 decks)

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