Pregnancy & Parturition p2

Question 1

Placenta is a ______, fluid filled, _____ sac.
The outermost layer attaches to the _____ lining in some areas.

Answer 1

1. Multilayered
2. Membranous sac
3. Outer lining

Question 2

Epitheliochorial allows for LESS passage of direct ____ _____ meaning less ____ immunity (antibodies).

Answer 2

1. Blood flow
2. Passive immunity

Question 3

Amnion is a ___ layer immediately surrounding the fetus. The fetus floats in _____ fluid inside amniotic sac. It is a _____ color.

Answer 3

1. Membranous layer
2. Amniotic fluid
3. Clear/gray

Question 4

Allantois layer surrounds the ____ sac. It forms the ____ sac, which accumulates ____. Outside of the placenta is covered with ____.

Answer 4

1. Amniotic sac
2. Allantoic sac
3. Wastes
4. Chorion

Question 5

Chorion attaches to lining of the _____. It is linked to the fetus by the ____ ____.

Answer 5

1. Uterus
2. Umbilical cord

Question 6

Uraches is what the fetus’s ____ ____ connects to via allantois.

Answer 6

Urinary bladder

Question 7

Umbilical cord anatomy:
Umbilical arteries carry ____ blood from the fetus to the ____.
Umbilical veins carry ____ blood from the ____ placenta to the fetus.

Answer 7

1. Unoxygenated blood
2. Placenta
3. Oxygenated blood
4. Maternal placenta

Question 8

Identify placenta classifications & name which species has which:
Cotyledonary
Discoid
Diffuse
Zonary

Answer 8

A. Diffuse
- Pig, horse
B. Cotyledonary
- Cow, sheep
C. Zonary
- Dog, cat
D. Discoid
- Human

Question 9

Terms for ‘giving birth’
1. Calve or freshen
2. Lamb
3. Farrow
4. Foal
5. Whelp
6. Queen
7. Kid

Answer 9

1. Cattle - freshen
2. Sheep - lamb
3. Swine - farrow
4. Horse - foal
5. Dog - whelp
6. Cat - queen
7. Goat - kid

Question 10

Four ways to detect pregnancy

Answer 10

1. Failure to come back to estrus (some species)
2. Palpation of repro tract
3. Ultrasonography
4. Blood test/Milk test
   - Progesterone levels
5. BONUS: Behavior changes

Question 11

Late gestation changes (5)

Answer 11

1. Muscles and ligaments of birth canal relax
2. Vulva swells and mucoid discharge may be visible
3. Mammary glands enlarge
4. Milk develops & may leak small amounts
5. Changes in the uterus of increasing levels of contractile proteins

Question 12

What are the three stages of parturition?

Remember: timing of each stage differs between species!

Answer 12

1. Uterine contractions push the fetus & fetal membranes to the cervix.
2. Delivery of the fetus. Passage past the cervix initiates contraction of abdominal muscles & straining.
3. Delivery of the placenta

Question 13

The fetus’s increased level of _____ hormones from the fetus adrenal glands stimulate an ____ in estrogen levels & a ____ of prostaglandin in the dam is due to the

Answer 13

1. Glucocorticoid hormones
2. Increase
3. Release

Question 14

Glucocorticoid levels affect the ____ & ____ uterus

Answer 14

Placenta & maternal uterus