Hindgut & Ruminant QUIZ & Goat Lab Flashcards
Regurgitation in the bovine is a term describing?
Controlled reverse movement of coarse feedstuffs from the reticulum/rumen via the esophagus to the mouth for rechewing (cud)
Build-up of gases in the rumen during fermentation includes which of the following:
1. CO2 and O2
2. CO2 and CH4 (Methane)
3. CH4 (methane) and O2
4. O2
- CO2 and CH4 (Methane)
The omasum is the third, globe-shaped stomach of the ruminant. Its purpose is to:
1. Reduce feed particle size
2. Absorb volatile fatty acids
3. Absorb water and dry out ingesta
4. All
All
In nursing ruminants, milk is passed directly from the esophagus into the abomasum via the:
1. Omasal groove
2. Esophageal
3. Abomasal
4. Stomach
Esophageal groove
Ruminants prehend(grab) food using their:
1. Lower incisors, tongue, and dental pad
2. Upper incisors and tongue
3. Upper and lower incisors
4. Upper and lower molars
- Lower incisors, tongue, and dental pad
Which compartment of the ruminant’s gastrointestinal tract is considered the “true” stomach?
Abomasum
Identify A-G
Words:
-Rumen -Small Intestine -Beginning of duodenum -Esophagus -Abomasum
-Rectum -Reticulum -Cecum -Omasum
A. Esophagus
B. Abomasum
C. Rumen
D. Omasum
E. Reticulum
F. Beg of duodenum
G. Rectum
The reticulum lies just caudal to the diaphragm. Which of the following materials tend to accumulate in the reticulum?
1. Hardware
2. Milk
3. Feces
4. Yeast
- Hardware
The rumen pH is typically:
Neutral, 6-7
T/F: A full rumen cycle occurs every 5 seconds
False. Every 1-2 minutes
T/F: Rumen motility is stimulated by a lack of fibrous feed within the rumen
False
- Which diagram shows the normal positioning of the abomasum?
- In the diagram which shows an abnormal placement of the abomasum indicate whether the abomasum is displaced to the right or left
- In general which condition is more serious for the bovine and would require more prompt veterinary care a right or left abomasum displacement?
- Two
- Left
- Right
- Provide one reason for displaced abomasum and 2 clinical signs of a displaced abomasum.
- Clinical signs-
- After pregnancy, low roughage diet
- Decrease in milk production, lowered appetite (anorexia), weight loss
The primary sites of fermentation and digestion in the horse are the:
1. Stomach
2. Cecum and large colon
3. Small intestine
4. Descending colon and rectum
Cecum and large colon
T/F: In both foregut and hindgut digestion, insoluble carbohydrate (fibrous plant material) is converted to volatile fatty acids that are ultimately absorbed into the blood stream and contribute to the energy needs of the animal
True
T/F: Only protozoa are essential in the process of digestion in both hindgut and foregut fermenters
False. Fungi & bacteria also play an important role
T/F: Horses should receive at minimum 10% of their body weight in dry roughage per day.
False. It should be 1.5-2.5%
T/F: The large intestine of the horse is about 7 meters in length and has several bends and flexures predisposing the animal to colic and impactions
True
The main function of the relatively small equine stomach is the:
1. Neutralization of stomach acid
2. Production of bile
3. Breakdown of proteins via enzymes in an alkaline environment (pH 7.4)
4. Breakdown of proteins via enzymes in a strongly acidic environment (pH 2.6)
- Breakdown of proteins via enzymes in a strongly acidic environment (pH 2.6)
A-I, except H
A. Ileum
B. Cecum
C. R ventral colon
D. L ventral colon
E. Pelvic flexure
F. L dorsal colon
G. R dorsal colon
I. Small colon
T/F: Horses have a gall bladder as they are continuous grazers whereas cows do not.
False
T/F: Horses cannot vomit due to the very strong lower esophageal sphincter
True
The rate of passage of digesta through an adult herbivore is greatly influenced by the:
1. The species of the animal
2. The digestibility of the feed
3. How fibrous the feed is
4. All of the answers
- All of the answers
What are the 3 microscopic living components in healthy rumen fluid?
- bacteria
- protozoa
- fung (yeast)
(also viruses, and archaea)
What is “transfaunation” and how is it beneficial to a sick animal?
Moving fermenting gi contents (or “first pass” feces) from a healthy animal to a sick animal of the species. Transfaunation moves live microorganisms required for fermentation/digestion to the sick animal (probiotics).
Why are dental issues potentially more significant to equine health than ruminant nutrition? (Compare the horse vs. the cow-related to teeth and nutritional consequences)
List 2 potential body health issues secondary to dental problems in the horse-
The equine gi tract is less efficient that the ruminant at processing high roughage food (grasses), ruminants eructate and “rechew” ingesta, as well as have extensive fermentation time. Therefore, the grinding of the food into very fine particles to increase surface area for fermentation process is essential to the horse ability to extract nutrients from diet.
Dental Problems in Horse can lead to
1. Weight loss
2. Impactions
3. Colic
4. Laminitis
How often does a rumen cycle occur in a goat?
2-3 times a minute
Using the correct terminology, describe the best location for observing ruminal movements
Left paralumbar fossa
List the steps involved in re-processing the fibrous feeds in prep for microbial digestion (4)
- Regurgitation
- Re-mastication
- Re-salivation
- Re-swallowing
What is a normal HR for a goat?
70-95bpm
Does a goat udder have two halves or four quarters?
Two halves
How many teats do the following have:
Goat
Sheep
Horse
Cow
Goat: 2
Sheep: 2
Horse: 4
Cow: 4
