Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Anatomy & Physiology > Mammary Gland & Lactation > Flashcards

Mammary Gland & Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary gland
1. Endocrine or exocrine gland?
2. Functions (2)

A
  1. Exocrine
  2. Functions:
    - To nourish young
    - Produce immunoglobins for production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: Teats are on the mammary glands and only one teat per gland is functional

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glands separated by ____ groove. So there is ____ interaction between quarters or halves!

A
  1. Intermammary groove
  2. No interaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many glands do they have?
Cows
Ewe & doe

A
  1. Cow have 4 glands (quarters)
  2. Ewe & doe have 2 glands (halves)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Udder can weigh anywhere between ___ to ____lbs. May support up to ____lbs of milk.

A
  1. 7 to 165lbs
  2. 80lbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F: Udder will continue to grow past the cows 6th birth day

A

False. Stops growing at 6yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Interior of the udder (3)

A
  1. Streak canal
  2. Gland cistern
  3. Duct system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streak canal is a duct system that empties into the ___ ___. Streak canal is surrouneded by smooth ____ that acts as a ____.

A
  1. Teat sinus
  2. Muscle
  3. Sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gland Cistern can hold ____ to ____mL of milk in storage. The ____ systems drain into here. GC is used to detect the end of _____.

A
  1. 100-400mL
  2. Duct systems
  3. Milking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Duct system ____ secretory tissue. It has no ____ function.

A
  1. Drains
  2. Secretory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ruptured Suspensory Ligaments (FINISH)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interior of Udder (3)

A
  1. Alveoli
  2. Lobules
  3. Lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alveoli are ____ producing units.
Just know these are involoved: Secretory cells, _____ cells, capillaries, & ducts.

A
  1. Milk
  2. Myoepithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lobules contain ____ to ____ alveoli and are a common ____.

A
  1. 150-200 alveoli
  2. Duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lobes are a…

A

Group of lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Alveolus is a cubic inch of udder that contains _____ of alveoli. It is lined by secretory ______ cells that produce milk.

A
  1. Millions
  2. Epithelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cow Mammae have ___ mammary glands each drained by a ___ teat canal onto a one ____.

A
  1. Four
  2. Single
  3. Teat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ewe & nanny mammae each have ___ glands. Each drained by a ___ teat with a ___ streak canal.

A
  1. Two
  2. Single
  3. Single
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sow mammae have about ___ to ____ complex glands, but range is ___ to ___. Glands are in ____ rows of the midline. Each gland is ____ from the other.

A
  1. 12-14 complex glands
  2. 6-32
  3. Parallel
  4. Separate
20
Q

Mare mammae (FINISH)

A
21
Q

Vascular system importance:

A

VERY!!!! All of the milk precursors come from blood.

22
Q

What is the blood milk ratio?

A

500:1

23
Q

T/F: On average, 400-500 units of blood passes thru the udder for each unit of milk synthesized by high producing dairy cow

A

True! That is ~280mL per second

24
Q

How many veins and arteries in the vascular system?

A

Arteries: 2
Veins: 3

25
Q

Lymph system
1. Lacteals
- Location
- Function
2. Supramammary Lymph nodes
- Location

A
  1. Lacteals
    - Location: Peripheral tissues of the teat ends
    - Function: Move fluids to lymph nodes
  2. Supramammary Lymph nodes
    - Located in rear udder
26
Q

Lymphatic system helps regulate proper ___ balance within udder and combat ____. Lymph travels from udder to ___ duct and empties into ____ stream.
Rates of this depend on _____ status of animal.

A
  1. Fluid
  2. Infection
  3. Thoracic duct
  4. Blood stream
  5. Physiological
27
Q

The more milk is removed from the udder…

A

The more milk the udder will produce

28
Q

Milk let down (FINISH)

A
29
Q

Edema (FINISH)

A
30
Q

Lactogenesis is…

A

Est of milk secretion

31
Q

Lactation is…

A

Secretion and removal of milk

32
Q

Galactopoiesis is…

A

Cont production of milk by mammary glands

33
Q

Mastitis
1. What is it?
2. Cause(s)
3. Subclinical vs Clinical cases

A
  1. Inflammation of the mammary glands
  2. Bacterial, sometimes fungal
  3. Subclinical: Infected but no signs
    Clinical: Observable changes
34
Q

Mastitis clinical signs (5)

A
  1. Visibly abnormal milk (color, fibrin clots, etc)
  2. Swelling
  3. Heat, redness
  4. Pain
  5. Fever, anorexia, shock = Severe cases
35
Q

T/F: Gangrenous mastitis can occur at the same time as mastitis.

A

True! Particularly in cases of subclinical, chronic infections with S. aureus.

36
Q

Mastitis
1. Dx
2. Tx

A
  1. Dx
    - Clinical signs
    - Cell count in milk
    - Milk culture
  2. Tx
    - NSAIDS
    - Freq milking
    - Systemic antiB
    - Intramammary infusions
    - Culling
    - Chem killing of quarter
    - Sx removal
37
Q

Galactopoiesis FINISH

A
38
Q

Effect of increased milking freq on milk production
FINISH

A
39
Q

Effect of udder pressure on milk secretion
FINISH

A
40
Q

Milk composition (4)

A
  1. Lipids & carbs (energy)
  2. Proteins (growth)
  3. Vitamins, minerals
  4. Water & electrolytes
41
Q

Milk Composition:
Lactose
1. Made of…
2. In ruminates blood gluc is made in the ___ from ____

A
  1. Blood glucose
  2. Liver from VFAs
42
Q

Milk fat is the ___ variable component in milk while lactose is the ____ in milk.

A

Most; least

43
Q

Casein is the primary ___ in milk.
Lactose is the primary ___ in milk.
Triglyceride is the primary ____ in milk.

A
  1. Protein
  2. Carb
  3. Lipid
44
Q

T/F: Milk is mostly water

A

True

45
Q

Involution is the process of the milk…

A

Secreting mammary gland becoming a non-secreting one

46
Q

“Drying off” is the lay term for abrupt drying off.
List three consequences

A
  1. Abrupt drying off decreases labor
  2. Increases mastitis
  3. Can cause “milk allergy”

Large Animal Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions