Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Large Animal Anatomy & Physiology > Equine Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Equine Limb Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution of the horse:
Started as small ____, evolved as the environment changed from forest into plains to eat ___ and then ____ from predators as needed.
Started with multiple ____ and gradually changed to have one larger, heavier ____.

A
  1. Herbivores
  2. Grass
  3. Run
  4. Toes
  5. Hoof
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name:
- P1, 2, & 3
- Metacarpal 3/Cannon bone
- Fetlock joint
- Long & short pastern
- Long & short pastern joint
- Coffin bone & joint
- Sesamoid bone
- Navicular bone

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the number one body system that horses are seen for with diseases?

A

Musculoskeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the muscles appropriate for IM inj (5)

A
  1. Lateral cervical muscles
  2. Triceps brachii
  3. Biceps brachii
  4. Semitendinosus
  5. Semimembranosus
    4 &5 on rear end region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Horses have ____ bones.
____ in the skull.
____ in each forelimb & hindlimb which are prone for disease.

A

205 bones
34 in the skull
20 in forelimb & hindlimb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stay apparatus is the ____ of the joints of the limbs by using ___ and ____ while exerting a minimum of muscular activity.
This allows the horse to ____ while ____ without the limbs collapsing.

A
  1. Stabilization
  2. Ligaments and tendons
  3. Stand
  4. Sleeping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F: Stay apparatus is only present in the hindlimbs

A

False. It’s present in fore & hind limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Horses only sleep standing up

A

False. Horses sleep laying down <1hr/day to hit REM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F: Horses sleep better in groups

A

True! Some will sleep while others stand guard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stay apparatus of the forelimb

A

Just know the joints literally stack and tendons keep the leg stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stay apparatus of the hindlimb

A

Literally “lock” their patella on the medial ridge of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reciprocal Apparatus

A
  • To support the hindleg muscles must prevent the stifle and hock from flexing
  • On front of leg, the peroneus tertius muscle supports the joints
  • Back of leg, the superficial digital flexor muscle supports the joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Reciprocal apparatus and stay apparatus are the same thing

A

False!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Toe
  • Heel
  • Quarter
  • Coronet/band
  • Sole
  • Frog
  • Bar
  • White line

Optional:
Bulbs of heels & Collateral Groove

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the significance of the digital artery, nerve, vein, & coronary venous plexus?

A
  1. Lameness diagnostics
  2. Neurectomies
  3. Lacerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Flexor Tendons
  • Navicular bone
  • Navicular bursa
  • Digital cushion (not labelled)
  • P1, 2, 3
A
17
Q

Hoof growth:
The dermal laminae ____ with the ___ laminae of the interior ____ wall.
This extensive interlocking essentially suspends the ____ ____ of the horse on the hoof walls

A
  1. interdigitate
  2. epidermal
  3. hoof
  4. entire weight
18
Q

Laminitis
1. What is it?
2. Symptoms
3. Caused by…

A
  1. It is inflammation of the connection between the sensitive & insensitive laminae.
  2. Sign lameness, characteristic stance, increased digital pulses
  3. Multiple. Anything that can cause vasculitis (vessel inflamm).
    - Grain overload, obesity, severe diarrhea, infections elsewhere, weight overload
19
Q

T/F: Laminitis is usually only the front feet

A

True! If it is in both, it is normally worse in the front

20
Q

Laminitis Tx (5)

A
  1. Rest
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Pad feet
  4. Corrective shoeing
  5. Diet change
21
Q

T/F: Radiographing of the feet can only be done without the metal shoe on

A

False! can be done either way

22
Q

Where should you place the radiograph marker when imaging a foot? Why?

A

Dorsal aspect of the hoof to highlight it on the radiograph.
This is also done so any rotation of the coffin bone can be easily measured.

23
Q

What’s wrong with the image?

A

Downward rotation of P3 or Navicular syndrome
(In red)

24
Q

Navicular syndrome is ____ & ____ that involves foot _____. This could be due to ____ of the navicular bursa &/or navicular area.

A
  1. Chronic & progressive
  2. Pain
  3. Inflammation
25
Q

Navicular Syndrome
1. Age & health status affected:
2. Dx
3. Tx

A
  1. Age & health
    - Age: 6-8yrs (young)
    - Athletic
  2. Dx
    - Rads
    - Nerve blocks
    - Hoof testers
  3. Tx
    - Exercise plan
    - Special shoes
    - NSAIDS
    - Neurectomies (?)
26
Q

What are the two types of puncture wounds a horse can get?

A
  1. Outside frog-excellent
  2. Inside frog-poor
27
Q

Tx for inside frog vs outside frog puncture wound

A
  1. Inside:
    - May req Sx drainage
  2. Outside:
    - Drainage
    - Bandage
    - NSAIDs
    -ABXs
    - Can turn into sunsolar abscess
28
Q

White Line disease
1. What is it?
2. How is it contracted?
3. Tx

A
  1. Infection trapped in the “white line” laminae
  2. Puncture wounds, poor conditions, debris in foot
    - Anaerobic conditions that bacteria enjoy and causes destruction of hoof tissue
  3. May req hoof wall resection to get at tissue & treat
29
Q

Thrush
1. What is it?
2. Area it targets
3. Tx

A
  1. Infection of tissue of sole
  2. Starts in the grooves of the frog
  3. Clean & trim tissue, Tx with copper sulfate
30
Q

Thrush is an infection that is typically due to ____ _____. It is black, ____ exudate in the grooves of the frog on the horse foot.

A

Poor management
malodorous

31
Q

Trimming and shoeing horses protects from ____ and sensitive ___ from bruising. It helps improve “____ ____” to normal. May also improve balance and treat ____.

A
  1. Wear
  2. Sole
  3. Hoof angle
  4. Disease
32
Q

What is the ideal hoof angle on a horse?
Forefeet:
Hindfeet:

A

Forefeet:
45-60 degrees

Hindfeet:
55-60 degrees

33
Q

What is the reciprocal apparatus?

A

It is to support the the fore & hindlimbs.
This is what makes it so horses have to flex and contract their elbow/carpus, vice versa

Large Animal Anatomy & Physiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions