Pregnancy, Labour and Puerpium

Question 1

what does progesterone do in labour?

Answer 1

keeps the uterus settled

Question 2

what does oestrogen do in labour?

Answer 2

makes the uterus contract by increasing prostaglandins

Question 3

what hormone initiates and sustains contractions?

Answer 3

oxytoxin

Question 4

what are the two parts of the first stage of labour?

Answer 4

latent

active

Question 5

what happens to the cervix in latent stage of labour?

Answer 5

softens
shortens
dilates to 4cm

Question 6

what happens to the cervix in active stage of labour?

Answer 6

4cm to full dilation

Question 7

what are the features of the latent stage of labour?

Answer 7

mild irregular uterine contractions

Question 8

how long does the latent stage of labour usually last?

Answer 8

few days

Question 9

what are features of the active stage of labour?

Answer 9

contractions are 3/4 times every 10 mins

Question 10

what happens to the fetus in active labour?

Answer 10

descent

flexion

Question 11

what happens to the cervix in the second stage of labour/

Answer 11

dilates to 10cm

Question 12

what happens in the second stage of labour?

Answer 12

delivery of baby

Question 13

in nulliparous women, when is delivery prolonged?

Answer 13

> 3hrs with anaesthetic

>2hrs without

Question 14

in multiparous women, when is delivery prolonged?

Answer 14

> 2hrs with anaesthetic

>1hr without

Question 15

what happens in third stage of labour?

Answer 15

delivery to expulsion of placenta and fetal membranes

Question 16

how long does third stage labour usually last?

Answer 16

10mins

Question 17

what are options of active management of third stage labour?

Answer 17

syntometerine
oxytocin
controlled cord traction
cord clamping and cutting

Question 18

what is puerpium? how long does it last?

Answer 18

repair and recovery to a non pregnant state

6 wks

Question 19

when can braxton hicks happen?

Answer 19

2nd/3rd trimester

Question 20

features of braxton hicks?

Answer 20

irregular
resolve on moving
relatively painless

Question 21

features of contractions?

Answer 21

evenly spaced
time between gets shorter
wave of pain
hard abdo

Question 22

where does fertilisation usually occur?

Answer 22

ampulla of fallopian tube

Question 23

what are the two sides of the blastocyst called? which side is mums side?

Answer 23

cytotrophoblast

synctiotrophoblast (mums)

Question 24

when have trophoblast cells of the blastocyst burrowed by?

Answer 24

day 12

Question 25

what side of the blastocyst forms the placenta?

Answer 25

synctiotrophoblast (mums)

Question 26

when is the placenta functional by?

Answer 26

week 5

Question 27

how does the placenta gain its blood supply?

Answer 27

synctiotrophoblast invaded endometrium lacunae fill with maternal blood fuse to form blood supply

Question 28

what produces HCG? when does this start?

Answer 28

trophoblast cells | day 8

Question 29

before the placenta forms, what provides nutrition to embryo?

Answer 29

decidual cells (of the endometrium)

Question 30

how does O2/CO2 get to and from baby?

Answer 30

O2 - umbilical vein (mum to baby) | CO2 - endometrial vein (baby to mum)

Question 31

what allows fetus to gain more O2?

Answer 31

fetal Hb can carry more O2 higher Hb in fetus bohr effect (more O2 in decreased pO2)

Question 32

what does HCG do?

Answer 32

stop degeneration of CL

Question 33

when is HPL produced?

Answer 33

week 5

Question 34

what does HPL do?

Answer 34

growth hormone decreases mums insulin sensitivity helps breasts develop

Question 35

what does progesterone do to the blood?

Answer 35

decreases CO2, increased O2

Question 36

what effect does decreased CO2 have on mum?

Answer 36

increased RR decreased pCO2 increased TV

Question 37

what CVS changes happen during pregnancy?

Answer 37

increased CO increased HR BP can drop in 2nd trim (returns to normal by 3rd)

Question 38

in the blood, what changes can occur during pregnancy?

Answer 38

decreased CO2 decreased Hb increased PV

Question 39

what renal changes can occur?

Answer 39

increased GFR | increased renal plasma flow

Question 40

why is Hb low in pregnancy?

Answer 40

due to dilution | erythropoeisis is infact increased

Question 41

what happens to hepatic blood flow during pregnancy?

Answer 41

doesn't change ALP raised albumin decreased

Question 42

how does blastocyst embed?

Answer 42

synctiotrophoblast sends out finger like projections to embed into the endometrium

Question 43

when has blastocyst formed by? when does it implant?

Answer 43

day 4 | day 5

Question 44

what hormones does the placenta secrete?

Answer 44

oestrogen progesterone HCG HPL