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AB 3rd Year Repro > Gynae Cancers > Flashcards

Gynae Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

most common type of endometrial carcinoma?

A

adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

what are the two types of endometrial adenocarcinoma?

A

endometrioid

serous

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3
Q

what assoc does endometrioid adenocarcinoma have?

A

oestrogen
lynch syndrome
hyperplasia

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4
Q

what cancers occur in lynch syndrome?

A

endometrial
colorectal
ovarian

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5
Q

what assoc does serous adenocarcinoma have?

A

post menopausal
spreads along mucosa/fallopian tubes
aggressive

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6
Q

risk factors for endometrial cancer?

A 
obese
nullparity
FHx
breast cancer
oestrogen only HRT
tamoxifen
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7
Q

protective factors for endometrial cancer?

A

CCP

pregnancy

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8
Q

Ix for endometrial cancer?

A

TVUS
pipelle biopsy
hyteroscopy with D+C

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9
Q

Tx for endometrial cancer?

A

surgery
radio
chemo

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10
Q

how is lynch syndrome inherited?

A

aut dom

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11
Q

Ix for lynch syndrome?

A

MSI test of tissue

stain for mismatch repair proteins

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12
Q

types of ovarian cancer?

A

serous
mucinous
endometriod
clear cell

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13
Q

what type of ovarian cancer is associated with lynch syndrome?

A

clear cell

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14
Q

risks for ovarian cancer?

A 
old
nullparity
FHx
breast cancer
BRCA
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15
Q

features of ovarian cancer?

A 
asymp
bloating
ascited
mass
wt loss
fatigue
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16
Q

Ix for ovarian cancer?

A

serum Ca-125
US
CT

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17
Q

Tx for ovarian cancer?

A

surgery
chemo
tamoxifen if platinum resistant

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18
Q

spread of ovarian cancer?

A

transcoelomic

haematogenous

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19
Q

most common type of cervical cancer?

A

squamous carcinoma

20
Q

risk factors for cervical cancer?

A

HPV
multiple sexual partners
immunosuppression

21
Q

features of cervical cancer?

A 
post coital bleed
post menopausal bleed
pain
haematuria
UTI
obstruction
22
Q

Ix for cervical cancer?

A

exam
colposcopy
biopsy
HPV test

23
Q

Tx for cervical cancer?

A

excise
hysterectomy
chemoradiation

24
Q

who gets endocervical adenocarcinoma?

A

upper class
late onset sexual activity
smoking

25
Q

what HPV is assoc with endocervical carcinoma?

A

HPV 18

26
Q

what HPV is assoc with cervical cancer?

A

16 and 18

27
Q

what is CIN?

A

premalignant dysplastic transformation of squamous cells in transformation zone of the cervix

28
Q

in CIN, what happens to the cells?

A

dysplastic changes to squamous cells on the ectocervix

29
Q

Ix for CIN?

A

smear test

colposcopy

30
Q

tx for CIN?

A

loop excision

cold coagulation

31
Q

complications of loop excision?

A

period abnormalities

pre term labour (due to cervical insufficiency)

32
Q

in the cervix, what cell types are present in
ectocervix
endocervix?

A

ecto - squamous

endo - glandular

33
Q

what is the transformation zone, in the cervix?

A

squamocolumnar junction between ecto and endo cervix

34
Q

when is cervical screening started?

A

25 yrs

35
Q

how often is cervical screening?

A

every 3 years from 25-49

every 5 years from 50-64

36
Q

what is population attributable risk?

A

what proportion of the disease is caused by the risk factor (measures BURDEN of disease)

37
Q

what are the 3 types of disease prevention? what do they mean?

A

primary - stop before it starts
secondary - stop it getting worse/recurring
tertiary - stopping complications

38
Q

what age of girls get the cervical cancerimmunisation?

A

11-13yrs

39
Q

staging for ovarian cancer?

A

1 - confined to ovary
2 - outside ovary but within pelvis
3 - outside pelvis but within abdo
4 - distant mets

40
Q

what are the stages for CIN?

A

1 - one third of surface layer affected
2 - two thirds
3 - full thickness

41
Q

in CIN, who gets referred?

A

2 and 3 (within 2 weeks)

42
Q

features of VIN?

A

white areas
inflammation
may be warts (due to HPV)

43
Q

tx for VIN?

A

biopsy
surveillance
imiquimod cream

44
Q

if mild dyskariosis on smear, what should be done?

A

HPV test
if +ve colposcopy
if -ve wait until next smear

45
Q

if borderline changes on smear, what should be done?

A

HPV test
if +ve colposcopy
if -ve wait until next smear

46
Q

tx for CIN 1?

A

HPV test
if +ve, 6 monthly colposcopy
excision if it does not regress

47
Q

features of endometrial cancer?

A

post menopausal bleed
inter menstrual bleeding
wt loss
pain

AB 3rd Year Repro (27 decks)

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