Breast Conditions Flashcards
what is mastalgia?
breast pain
features of a breast cyst?
smooth
mobile
distinct borders
Ix for a breast cyst?
fluid aspiration
if aspirate is bloody in a breast cyst, what do you do?
US guided core biopsy for a papilloma
what is a fibroadenoma?
benign breast mass made of epithelium and stroma
features of a fibroadenoma?
painless
firm
‘breast mouse’
Ix for a fibroadenoma?
US guided core needle biopsy
what can be used for breast pain?
analgesia
evening primrose oil
NSAIDs
what as a breast sclerosing lesion?
benign proliferation of acini and stroma
what are the two types of breast sclerosing lesion? what are they?
sclerosing adenosis
radial scar
proliferation of acini and stroma
what breast sclerosing lesion can mimic breast cancer? why?
radial scar
calcifications
what can cause fat necrosis of the breast?
warfarin
trauma
what causes duct ectasia?
when the lactiferous duct becomes blocked
what increases your risk of duct ectasia?
smoking
features of duct ectasia?
pain inflam fistula nipple changes bloody/purulent discharge
Tx for duct ectasia?
antibios
excision of ducts if repeated
what is an intraductal papilloma?
tumour growing in sub areolar ducts
what is a phyllodes tumour?
tumour growing in the periductal stroma cells of the breast
who is more at risk of getting phyllodes?
pre menopausal
fibroadenomas
3 subtypes of phyllodes?
benign
borderline
malignant
features of an intraductal papilloma?
nipple discharge
bleeding
lump
who gets non lactational mastitis?
smokers
what happens in non lactational mastitis?
squamous metaplasia of ducts
keratinisation
blocked ducts
what organisms cause non lactational mastitis?
staph aureus
pep magnus
bacteroides fragilis
Ix for non lactational mastitis?
FBC
WBC
US
Tx for non lactational mastitis?
stop smoking
antibios
complications of non lactational mastitis?
breast abscess
chronic ->
periareolar fistula
how to treat breast abscess?
US guided aspiration
how to treat periareolar fistula?
excision
who are high risk in breast screening?
previous radiation exposure
BRCA 1+2
TP53 mutation
what are features of a benign breast nodule?
circumscribed wide homogeneous no vascularity multiple
what are features of a malignant breast nodule?
poorly circumscribed hypoechoic heterogeneous tall spiculate oedema
in a breast, what are the lobules surrounded by?
fibrous then adipose tissue
pathway of the duct system?
terminal ductules
intralobular collecting duct
lactiferous duct
nipple, via lactiferous sinus
histologically, what lines the ducts?
stratified squamous (superficially) stratified cuboidal (deeper)
breast changes in lactation?
increased adipose tissue
exaggerated ducts
breast changes in menopause?
decreased collagen
decreased elastic fibres
decreased fibroblasts
features of fibrocystic changes?
smooth lumps
cyclical pain
fixed
features of a hamartoma?
similar to fibroadenoma
MOVEABLE
tx for phyllodes?
excise well
if not will reoccur
