Anatomy of Urinary Incontinence and Prolapse

Question 1

what does the pelvic floor separate?

Answer 1

pelvi cavity from perineum

Question 2

3 layers of pelvic floor? (deep to superficial)

Answer 2

pelvic diaphragm

muscles of perineal pouches

perineal membrane

Question 3

what are the two muscle groups in the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 3

levator ani

coccygeus

Question 4

what does the vagina and urethra pass through?

Answer 4

urogenital hiatus

Question 5

label

Answer 5

Question 6

what state is levator ani usually in?

Answer 6

tonic contraction

Question 7

what forms most of the pelvi diaphragm?

Answer 7

levator ani

Question 8

innervation of levator ani?

Answer 8

pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)

Question 9

label

Answer 9

Question 10

what two things provide additional support to the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 10

endo pelvic fascia

pelvic ligaments

Question 11

what lies below the pelvic diaphragm and above the perineal membrane?

Answer 11

deep perineal pouch

Question 12

what does the deep perineal pouch contain?

Answer 12

urethra

vagina F

bulbourethral glands M

neurovascular bundle for penis/clitoris

extensions of ischioanal fat pads

extensions of muscles

Question 13

what lies superficial to the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 13

perineal membrane

Question 14

where does the perineal membrane attach?

Answer 14

laterally to the sides of the pubic arch

Question 15

what openings are in the perineal membrane?

Answer 15

urethra

vagina

Question 16

label

Answer 16

Question 17

in males and females, where does the superficial perineal pouch lie?

Answer 17

below the perineal membrane

Question 18

in males, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Answer 18

bulb of penis

bulbospongiosus

ischiocavernosus

spongy urethra

pudendal nerve

superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 19

in females, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Answer 19

clitoris

vestibule

bartholins glands

ischiocavernosus

bulbospongiosus

superficial transverse perineal muscle

pudendal nerve

Question 20

where does the perineal body lie?

Answer 20

deep to the skin

Question 21

what does the perineal body function as?

Answer 21

attachments for

• muscles of pelvic floor
• perineum

Question 22

where does the perineal body lie in

women?

men?

Answer 22

between vagina and external anal sphincter

bulb of penis and anus

Question 23

when does the pelvic floor contract?

Answer 23

coughing

sneezing

vomiting

Question 24

tonic contraction of what muscle bends the anorectum in which direction?

Answer 24

puborectalis

anteriorly

Question 25

what type of contraction maintains faecal continence?

Answer 25

active

Question 26

what 3 things does urinary continence depend on?

Answer 26

bladder neck support

external urethral sphincter

smooth muscle in urethral wall

Question 27

label

Answer 27

Question 28

label

Answer 28