Obstetrics Flashcards
what is a chorionic haematoma?
pooling of blood between chorion and endometrium, due to their separation
what is the chorion?
outermost layers of embryo
features of chorionic haematoma?
bleeding
cramp
threatened miscarriage
Ix for chorionic haematoma?
US
Tx for chorionic haematoma?
surveillance
self limiting
what is antepartum haemorrhage?
bleeding after 24wks gestation
what is placenta previa?
placenta is partial/totally implanted in lower uterine segment
Rx for placenta previa?
smoking multiple preg abortions infertility Tx increased age
features of placenta previa?
painless
soft non tender uterus
baby in abnormal position
3rd trim bleeding
Ix for placenta previa?
TVUS (NO PV EXAM UNTIL IT IS EXCLUDED)
Tx for placenta previa?
caesarean if placenta covers os
anti D and steroids if bleed <36wks
what is placenta accreta?
placenta has invaded myometrium
what is placenta percreta?
placenta has invaded serosa
what is placental abruption?
partial/total separation of placenta before birth of fetus
Rx for placental abruption?
pre eclampsia renal disease diabetes smoking drugs
features of placental abruption?
bleeding abdo pain contractions tenderness difficulty feeling fetal parts WOODY HARD UTERUS
Ix for placental abruption? what are the sign?
CTG
decelerations and loss of variability
what is polyhydramnios?
excess amniotic fluid
features of polyhydramnios?
discomfort wt gain swelling heartburn tense abdo decreased fetal movements
Ix for polyhydramnios?
US
what is hydrops fetalis?
abnormal fluid accumulation in two or more fetal compartments
who is at risk of uterine rupture?
Hx of c section
what is vasa previa?
when babies blood vessels run near the opening of the uterus
features of vasa previa?
fetal distress
bleeding after membrane rupture
what risk is there is vasa previa? why?
rupture of vessels when membranes rupture
due to being unsupported by umbilical cord
Tx for placenta accreta?
usually a hysterectomy
what is erb’s palsy? signs?
C5,6
adducted, medially rotated and wrist drop
what is klumpe’s palsy? signs?
C8, T1
claw hand
layers cut through in a c section?
sup fascia deep fascia ant rectus sheath rectus abdominis trans fascia extra peritoneal CT peritoneum uterus
