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Anatomy and Physiology > PRE: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases > Flashcards

PRE: Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) : definition and causes

A

potentially serious bacterial infection that affects the lungs ; caused by ‘Mybcobacterium tuberculosis’ spread though air droplets

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2
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) : symptoms

A

symptoms include a bloody/mucus cough, weight loss, fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, and chest pain

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3
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) : symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

A

symptoms include a bloody/mucus cough, weight loss, fatigue, fever, chills, night sweats, and chest pain

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4
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

when there is no heart beat; maybe caused by a heart attack

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5
Q

Hypertension : definition and causes

A

high blood pressure with pressure on your arteries being high enough to cause health issues ; causes include age, diet, family history, obesity, and lack of exercise

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6
Q

Hypertension : symptoms and treatment

A

symptoms include headaches, shortness of breath, nose bleeds ; treated by a change in diet, consumption of less alcohol, and increase of physical activities

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7
Q

Tuberculosis (TB) : diagnosis and treatment

A

diagnosed by blood imaging/sputum test ; treated by long course antibiotics

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8
Q

Endocarditis : definition and causes

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart ; caused by germs entering the bloodstream and attaching to the endocardium

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9
Q

Endocarditis : symptoms and treatment

A

symptoms include aching joints/muscles, chest pains with breathing, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, and shortness of breath ; treatment of medication (such as antibiotics) and surgery

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10
Q

Mesothelioma : definition and causes

A

a type of cancer that occurs in tissue that cover viscera ; caused by a mutation in cells and asbestos exposure

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11
Q

Mesothelioma : symptoms

A

chest pain, painful coughing, shortness of breath, weight loss, bumps under the skin (often on the chest)

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12
Q

Mesothelioma : diagnosis and treatment

A

diagnosed through biopsy, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans ; treated through surgery, chemo/radiation/immuno therapy

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13
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

inflammatory disease in which small nodes form in lungs and lymph nodes

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14
Q

Heart Murmur : definition and causes

A

whosh-like sound occurring through an abnormal valve ; caused by anemia, hypertension, fever, an overactive thyroid

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15
Q

Heart Murmur : symptoms and treatmetn

A

symptoms of chest pain, rapid heart beats, breathlessness, fatigue ; treated through medication, surgery, and diuretics

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16
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of exocrine glands, resulting in thick mucus secretions that do not drain normally

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17
Q

Pertussi

A

highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by ‘Bordetella pertussis’ ; aka whooping cough

18
Q

Trans Ischmic Attack (TIA)

A

temporary blood restrictions or short strokes that are reoccurring

19
Q

Croup

A

acute viral infection in infants and children characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor

20
Q

Emphysema : definition and causes

A

destruction of lung tissue, mainly alveoli ; caused by smoking and inhaling air pollution

21
Q

Emphysema : symptoms

A

delirium, loss of breath, chest tightness, grayish lips and fingernails, frequent coughing and/or wheezing

22
Q

Emphysema : diagnosis and treatment

A

diagnosed by imaging/lab/lung function tests ; there is no cure, only usage of antibiotics and inhaled steroids to help relieve symptoms

23
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm (cancer) originating in a bronchus

24
Q

Atelectasis

A

partial or whole collapse of a lung(s)

25
Q

Myocardial Infarction : definition and causes

A

flow of blood to the heart is blocked, depriving tissue of oxygen causing death ; caused by a clot in the bloodstream, a foreign substance, or build up of blood cells due to a tissue rip

26
Q

Myocardial Infarction : symptoms and treatment

A

symptoms of nausea, chest tightness, pressure on chest, cold sweats, fatigue, lightheadedness, dizziness ; treated with medications like aspirin, surgical intervention like a CABS (coronary artery bypass surgery)

27
Q

Coronary Artery Disease : definition and causes

A

build up of plaque in the arteries that supply oxygen to the heat, enough build up leading to a heat attack ; caused by high cholesterol, hypertension, family history, diabetes, active smocking, age

28
Q

Coronary Artery Disease : symptoms and treatment

A

nausea, chest tightness and pressure, cold sweats, fatigue, lightheadedness and dizziness ; treated through lifestyle choices (quit smoking, dietary changes, increase of physical activity)

29
Q

Diphtheria

A

acute infectious disease of the throat caused by ‘Corynebacterium’

30
Q

Congestive Heart Failure : definition and causes

A

blood doesn’t pump correctly, caused by the heart not pumping the way it should (born as is)

31
Q

Congestive Heart Failure : symptoms and treatment

A

swelling in feet/ankles, shortness of breath, fatigue ; treated by medication, ACE inhibitors, diuretics

32
Q

Lung Cancer : definition and causes

A

cancer that forms in the tissue of the lungs ; caused by smoking/inhaling secondhand smoke, mutation of cells

33
Q

Lung Cancer : symptoms

A

chest pain, trouble breathing, persisting cough, wheezing, loss of appetite and weight, fatigue

34
Q

Lung Cancer ; diagnosis and treatment

A

diagnosed through medical/family history, biopsy, xrays/other imaging tests ; treated through surgery, chemo/radiation/immuno/laser therapy

35
Q

Pneumothorax : definition and causes

A

air in or around the lung ; caused by truama, COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, TB, pertussi

36
Q

Pneumothorax : symptoms

A

chest pain (worsening with inhalation), shortness of breath, chest tightness, fatigue, rapid heart rate, blueish tinge to skin (due to hypoxia)

37
Q

Pneumothorax : diagnosis and treatment

A

chest xray, treated by drainage of the air through tube insertion

38
Q

Pneumonia : definition and causes

A

infection in one/both lung(s) caused by virus, bacteria, fungi ; caused by bacteria, virus, ‘Mycoplama pneumoniae’, fungi

39
Q

Pneumonia : symptoms

A

blueish colour in lips/fingernails, delirium, mucus cough, fever, heavy sweating, loss of appetite, shaking and chills

40
Q

Pneumonia : diagnosis and treatment

A

xray, blood test, CT scan, sputum culture ; treated through antibiotics

41
Q

Asbestosis

A

type of pnuemoconiosis; dust particles are inhaled (can cause mesothelioma)

Anatomy and Physiology (20 decks)

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