Introduction to Pathology lecture notes

Question 1

pathology

Answer 1

the study of disease

Question 2

etiology

Answer 2

the study of the origin of disease, including underlying causes and modifying factors

Question 3

pathogenesis

Answer 3

the study of the steps in development of disease;how etiologic factors trigger cellular change that five rise to structural abnormalities

Question 4

glucose

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

cellular resporation

Answer 5

glucose + oxygen —> ATP

Question 6

aerobic resporation

Answer 6

glucose –> ATP

Question 7

ATP

Answer 7

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 8

cell regeneration

Answer 8

mitosis

Question 9

hypertrophy

Answer 9

increase in cell size; occurs in tissues that do not regenerate like muscles and nerves)

Question 10

hyperplasia

Answer 10

increase in controlled cell replication; occurs in tissues capable of replication such as connective tissue and epithelial tissue

Question 11

atrophy

Answer 11

shrinkage in the size of a cell by loss of cell substance

Question 12

metaplasia

Answer 12

change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another cell type, such as columnar epithelia replaced with squamous epithelia

Question 13

ischemia

Answer 13

oxygen deficiency due to loss of blood supply in a tissue related to impaired arterial flow or reduced venous drainage

Question 14

infarction

Answer 14

death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply (ie. no oxygen to cells); dead tissue is called an infarct

Question 15

apoptosis

Answer 15

cellular death by nuclear dissolution (basically cell suicide)

Question 16

necrosis

Answer 16

pathological cell death (by means such as ischemia, exposure to toxins, trauma, etc)