Practice Types

Question 1

Part practice

Answer 1

Isolating subroutines and practicing it. E.g arm action in front crawl
Advantages- most effective for:
- performers in cognitive stage of learning
- low organisation and serial skills
- complex skill
- increases confidence
- reduce information overload
Disadvantages-
- can prevent fluency/ kinesthesis
- time consuming
- cannot be used with highly organised skills because they are difficult to separate
- performer may lose motivation because they are not performing the full skill until the end of the process

Question 2

Whole practice

Answer 2

Practice a skill in its entirety without breaking into subroutines. E.g golf T shot
Advantages -
- includes development of kineasthesis feel
- fluency between subroutines is maintained
- not time consuming
- performer can develop clear mental image of full skill
Disadvantages-
- can cause information overload for cognitive performers
- can cause fatigue
- performer must be physically capable of performing the skill

Question 3

Whole part whole practice

Answer 3

Practice a skill in its entirety, isolate and practice weak subroutine and put back into whole skill. E.g tennis serve - isolate ball toss, practice, put back into skill.
Advantages -
- weak parts/ subroutines can be isolated and improved
- kineasthesis is maintained in the whole stages.
- fluency between the subroutines is maintained in the whole practice stage
Disadvantages-
- ineffective with highly organised skills because they can’t be separated
- kineasthesis and fluency can be negatively affected if the part is not integrated adequately and quickly into full skill
- more time consuming

Question 4

Progressive part practice

Answer 4

Isolate subroutines separately and progressively chain together. E.g triple jump
Advantages -
- focusing on just one subroutine reduces the chance of overload and fatigue
- performers confidence and motivation increases as success is seen in each part
- danger is reduced
Disadvantages-
- it is time consuming
- difficult with highly organised skills as they are hard to separate into subroutines
- the kineasthesis feel for whole skill isn’t experienced until the end

Question 5

Massed practice

Answer 5

Continuous practice without breaks. E.g practicing a free throw continuously in basketball
Advantages-
- discrete skills
- over learns motor programme
- fitness can be improved during practice
Disadvantages-
- can cause fatigue
- no time for feedback
- demotivating/boring for cognitive performers

Question 6

Distributed practice

Answer 6

Practice with breaks for feedback and metal rehearsal. E.g sprint starts, triple jump
Advantages-
- effective for cognitive performers
- unfit performers benefit from break
- mental practice can be undertaken in the breaks
- break allow feedback from coach
Disadvantages-
-breaks can disrupt fluency
- time consuming
- breaks too long can become demotivating

Question 7

Fixed practice

Answer 7

Practice conditions do not change. E.g shot putt
Advantages-
- grooves skill so it become habitual
- time efficient
- effective for motivating individuals
- cognitive performers can use to develop motor programme
Disadvantages-
- performer might find it monotonous and lose motivation
- performer may experience fatigue
- difficult to transfer to a competitive game
- high ability

Question 8

Varied practice

Answer 8

Practice conditions are constantly changing. E.g 5v3 possession game
Advantages-
- develops schema and enables positive transfer
- will engage performers more than fixed
- replicates game information
- environmental skills
Disadvantages-
- time consuming method
- possible information overload if too many drills are present at once
- could cause negative transfer