Personality

Question 1

Personality types

Answer 1

Introvert
Extrovert
Stable
Unstable
Type A
Type B

Question 2

Extrovert

Answer 2

Likes social situations
Outgoing
Team games
Become bored easily because the RAS is not easily stimulated
E.g netball player socialising/ communicating with team mates

Question 3

Introvert

Answer 3

Doesn’t like social situations
Shy
Individual sports
Easily over aroused because RAS is easily stimulated
E.g netball player avoiding communication with team

Question 4

Stable

Answer 4

Predictable behaviour
Reliable
Consistent
E.g netball player reacting in the same calm manner to referees decisions

Question 5

Unstable

Answer 5

Unpredictable behaviour
Restless
Volatile
E.g netball player reacting differently to different decisions

Question 6

Type A

Answer 6

Prone to personal anxiety/ stress
Highly competitive
Intolerant of others
Need to be in control
Tend to work fast
E.g football player volunteering to take penalties

Question 7

Type B

Answer 7

Not prone to personal anxiety/ stress
Low arousal levels
Tend to be patient
Work slowly
Not competitive
E.g football player not volunteering to take penalties

Question 8

The trait theory

Answer 8

Proposes the personality is:
Innate/ inherited
Stable and enduring
Consistent across situations
E.g a boxer inherits trait of aggression and demonstrates it both inside and outside the ring
Positives -
- some evidence personality is innate e.g aggression
- if correct, behaviour can be predicted
Negatives -
- unlikely to be just innate input that determines personality
- doesn’t take into account learned behaviour

Question 9

The social learning theory

Answer 9

Proposes that behaviour is learnt as a result of..
- the environment
- imitation of significant other

• social reinforcement creates a stimulus response bond
  E.g a young player imitating a captain kicking ball out of play when a player is injured.
  Positives -
• bobo doll experiment supports this idea
• evidence that some aspects of personality are from imitation of significant other
  Negatives -
• not every one imitates role models
• doesn’t take into account innate traits

Question 10

The interactionist theory

Answer 10

Proposes that personality formation is a combination of the trait and social learning approach.
Innate traits are triggered by environmental change.
Trait of competitive anxiety is only triggered in a cup final or tear of aggression is triggered following a high tackle in rugby
Positive -
- most credible approach as it’s more likely that we have a combination of traits and socially learnt behaviour
- more likely traits are triggered occasionally by changes in environment
Negative -
- theory still proposes that innate traits mus be present in order to be triggered by environment

Question 11

Personality

Answer 11

characteristics that make an individual unique