practice test 2 Flashcards
which of the following cardiac imaging studies deliver the highest estimated effective radiation dose?
Rb82 rest and stress
calcium scoring
N13 ammonia rest and stress
O15 water rest and stress
Rb82 rest and stress
quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what they should be called is the partial volume effect. which of the following statements describing this is true?
pve is more prominent in smaller tumor
pve is more prominent in metastatic tumor
pve is less prominent in tumor in situ
pve is less prominent in bigger tumor
pve is more prominent in smaller tumor
truncation is the source of streaking artifacts at the edge of the CT image. the presence of these artifacts
overestimates the attenuation coefficients
produces image misregistration
underestimates the attenuation coefficients
necessitates use of shielding
overestimates the attenuation coefficients
all of the following are the most commonly seen artifacts on PET/CT images except
respiratory motion
partial-volume effect
truncation
contrast medium
partial-volume effect
the inverse of the mean distance traveled by photons before they deposit energy in the crystal is called
the stopping power
energy resolution
the decay constant
the light output
the stopping power
post-processing measures such as scaling, segmentation, or a combination of the two has been used in the PET/CT systems in order to
correct for scatter coincidences
convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET
correct for random coincidences
convert PET emission data to the CT attenuation coefficients
convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET
the recon method in which the comparison is made between the numerical projection data and the measured projection data in a feedback loop is called
filtered back projection
iterative reconstruction
ordered-subset expectation maximization
maximum likelihood-expectation maximization
iterative reconstruction
which of the following statements describing the role of PET in the diagnostic work-up of patients with melanoma is false?
PET is a standard modality in evaluation of recurrent melanoma
melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET
PET is most valuable in stage III disease
PET is more accurate for systemic staging than regional staging
melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET
according to the practice of medicine and pharmacy laws, all the clinical FDG PET imaging work is complete by prescription by a physician and dispensing by registered
nurse
radiologist
pharmacist
nuclear medicine physician
pharmacist
the temporal improvement in contractile function of a dysfunctional myocardial region after restoration of blood flow describes
myocardial infarction
myocardial viability
diastolic dysfunction
systolic dysfunction
myocardial viability
linear attenuation coefficient determines the scintillator
stopping power
energy resolution
decay constant
light output
stopping power
administration/consumption of which of the following before FDG dosing will decrease uptake of the rpx by brown adipose tissue?
ephedrine
propanolol
caffeine
nicotine
propanolol
the breathing protocols applied during PET/CT acquisition, ex respiratory gating, the breath-hold at inspiration protocol, and the shallow breathing protocol are utilized to eliminate
truncation artifacts
misregistration artifacts
contrast media artifacts
streaking artifacts
misregistration artifacts
in which of the following clinical circumstances is the application of SUV most likely to be useless?
prognosis of the disease
diagnosis of the disease
staging of the disease
therapy monitoring of the disease
staging of the disease
which of the following scintillators is commercially available in TOF PET imaging?
GSO
BaF2
BGO
LYSO
LYSO
administration of water-equivalent contrast agent when performing PET/CT imaging
underestimates SUV
overestimates SUV
does not affect SUV
produces streaking artifacts
does not affect SUV
a state of chronically reduced contractility in viable myocardial tissue, caused by prolonged or repetitive reductions in myocardial flow, is called
scarred myocardium
ischemic myocardium
stunned myocardium
hibernating myocardium
hibernating myocardium
the 2010 CPR and ECC of AHA recommend in adults a compression depth of at least
1 in
1.5 in
2 in
2.5 in
2 in
if a truncated CT scan is used for the attenuation correction of a larger transaxial FOV PET scan, the activity estimates outside the CT FOV will be
underestimated
overestimated
unchanged
equal to 0
underestimated
a global reduction in the brain function assessed by FDG uptake is observed in
dementia
parkinson’s disease
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
medicare reimbursement for PET FDG myocardial viability imaging is available in all of the following settings except
primary diagnosis
following an inconclusive SPECT
initial diagnosis
following an inconclusive CCTA
following an inconclusive CCTA
the histological presence of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex defines
parkinson’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
dementia
glioma
alzheimers’ disease
in the typical PET/CT acquisition, the CT component is performed as
a non-contrast low radiation dose scan
a non-contrast high radiation dose scan
high radiation dose scan with contrast
low radiation dose scan with contrast
a non-contrast low radiation dose scan
ovarian uptake of FDG in a postmenopausal patient indicates
a normal finding
malignancy
pregnancy
ovulating ovary
malignancy
which of the following rpx has been developed as the PET tracer to measure a cell proliferation rate?
F18 fluoride
C11 pittsburg compound
C11 acetate
F18 fluorothymidine
F18 fluorothymidine
an area of focal FDG uptake in the lungs, without corresponding finding on the CT scan, can be caused by all of the following except
an injected blood clot
motion artifact
pulmonary infarction
contamination
pulmonary infarction
the main stream of xray photons generated in the xray tube is described as
braking radiation
characteristic radiation
compton scattering
attenuation photons
braking radiation
a group of ROIs through planes, which define a 3D region of relevance, is called
volume of interest
MIP
multiplanar reconstruction
dose uptake ratio
volume of interest
coincidence events registered in PET acquisition and defined as prompt counts include
true and scatter events
scatter and randoms
true and randoms
true, scatter, and randoms
true, scatter, and randoms
an analytic reconstruction algorithm that assigns the values in the projection to all points along the line of acquisition through the image plane from which they were acquired is known as
filtered back projection
back projection
iterative reconstruction
filtering
back projection
qc testing for PET agents that involves decay analysis in a dose calibrator for a defined period of time is called
specific activity analysis
radiochemical purity
radionuclide identity
bacterial endotoxin testing
radionuclide identity
the following are examples of oral hypoglycemic drugs except
metformin
glyburide
dicumarol
chlorpropamide
dicumarol
decreased myocardial blood flow combined with decreased myocardial glucose metabolism indicates the presence of
normal viable myocardium
nonviable myocardium
stunned myocardium
hibernating myocardium
nonviable myocardium
the parietal lobe of the brain is located behind the frontal lobe and controls
auditory info
visual info
smell sensation
tactile sensation
tactile sensation
the PET scanner qc procedure in which data are used to compensate for the variation in efficiency in each LOR in the sinogram is called
normalization
calibration
blank scan
attenuation correction
normalization
the following statements correctly describe the SUV in reconstructed PET images except
quantitative accuracy for data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D
emission data require correction for the presence of random coincidences
the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D
emission data require correction for the presence of scatter coincidences
the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D
the total attenuation is the sum of the attenuation due to different types of interactions and includes all of the following except
the photoelectric effect
compton scattering
pair production
bremsstrahlung radiation
bremsstrahlung radiation
if the collected data follow a gaussian distribution, 68% of gathered values will be within
one standard deviation
two SD
three SD
mean +/-10
one SD
the parameter of the CT scanner defined as the ratio of the table speed per gantry rotation to the total xray beam width is called
pitch
bed
ring
hybrid
pitch
a substitution radioactive for nonradioactive element in a biologically active PET tracer molecule without altering its biologic properties is called
hot-for-hot substitution
cold-for-hot sub
hot-for-cold sub
cold-for-cold sub
hot-for-cold sub
F18 fluoroestradiol was developed as the PET tracer to assess
membrane synthesis
estrogen receptor
hypoxia extent
protein synthesis
estrogen receptor
how many atoms disintegrating per second are measured by one becquerel?
1000
100
10
1
1
which of the following statements describing properties of the survey meters routinely used in the NM department is false?
a cutie-pie counter is an ionization chamber
a GM counter is used for low-level surveys
a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate
a cutie-pie output is proportional to the total energy deposited
a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate
the accessory organs of the digestive system include the
esophagus
stomach
liver
small intestine
liver
a linear transformation of the initial attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water and the radiodensity of air at STP is equal to 0 and -1000 accordingly is called
hounsfield unit scale
attenuation coefficient
partial voluming
beam hardening
hounsfield unit scale
the capacity to overlay data from distinct sources that will map a pixel from one source into a pixel from the other is called
image attenuation
image registration
filtering
rebinning
image registration
two photons arising from two annihilation events and detected within each others’ coincidence window are
true coincidences
random events
scatter coincidences
single events
random events
the dose calibrator qc procedure performed with different sealed radionuclides is called
geometry
accuracy
linearity
constancy
accuracy
which of the following radionuclides commonly used in PET imaging has the lowest positron range in water?
C11
N13
O15
F18
F18
the cotswold system applies to both hodgkin’s disease and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma and divides them into
2 stages
4 stages
6 stages
8 stages
4 stages
when handling a minor radioactive spill, the tech should perform the following sequence of events
decontaminate personnel, survey the area, notify a supervisor
write up report, contain the spill, notify the RSO
clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill
decontaminate personnel, clear the area, write up report
clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill
which of the following histopathological types of gastric carcinoma is associated with low FDG uptake?
tubular carcinoma
papillary carcinoma
signet cell carcinoma
metastatic adenocarcinoma
signet cell carcinoma
which of the following scintillators commonly used in PET has the highest light output?
LSO
BaF2
BGO
GSO
LSO
low carb and a high protein diet favor the metabolism of
carbs
ketones
amino acids
fatty acids
amino acids
the energy of the xray photons produced by the CT xray tube is controlled by the
tube voltage (kV)
temp of the anode
tube current (mA)
temp of the cathode
tube voltage (kV)
urinary bladder catheterization prior to PET imaging might be required for patients diagnosed with
pulmonary nodule
brain tumor
melanoma
uterine carcinoma
uterine carcinoma
which of the following statements describing FDG uptake in gallbladder/biliary tract is false?
no uptake is observed in normal gb wall
gb wall uptake is seen in acute cholecystitis
focal gb uptake is observed in gb carcinoma
cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions
cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions
in the process of differentiation between residual viable or recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis in patients with treated primary or metastatic CNS brain tumor, absence of FDG uptake in the region of interest indicates
brain tumor
brain tumor and radiation necrosis
radiation necrosis
neither brain tumor nor radiation necrosis
radiation necrosis
which of the following statements describing the clinical utility of PET/CT FDG imaging vs PET FDG imaging is false?
with CT has less of a tendency toward upstaging of patients than PET alone
with CT correctly downstages a number of patients compared with PET alone
with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone
with CT is found to be more accurate for staging than PET alone
with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone
what sign should be posted in an area accessible to personnel in which a major portion of the body of a person could receive a dose in excess of 100 mr/hr?
radioactive materials
radiation area
high radiation area
airborne radioactivity area
high radiation area
the three main divisions of the large intestine are the
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
cecum, colon, and rectum
cecum, colon, and ileum
duodenum, jejunum, and rectum
cecum, colon, and rectum
the following methods are employed in the quantitative FDG studies except
tumor-to-background ratios
signal-to-noise-ratios
SUV
full kinetic analysis
signal-to-noise-ratios
a group of naturally occurring glycoproteins that regulate the production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells are called
mucins
immunoglobulins
colony-stimulating factors
thyroid-stimulating hormone
colony-stimulating factors
pet images that are distinguished by “hot skin” and the manifestation of the lungs with high tracer uptake and the low tracer concentrations in the mediastinum are
NAC images
AC images
MIP images
AC or NAC images
NAC images
the pharmacologic effect of dipyridamole or adenosine can be reversed by the administration of
propanolol
valium
aminophylline
nitroglycerine
aminophylline
which of the following statements describing different methods of SUV normalization is false?
SUV can be normalized to total body mass
SUV can be normalized to lean body mass
SUV can be normalized to body surface area
SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable
SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable
the occipital lobe is located in the posterior part of the brain and is responsible for the processing of
auditory info
visual info
smell sensation
tactile sensation
visual info
which of the following histological types of thyroid carcinoma DOES NOT concentrate iodine?
classic papillary
classic follicular
papillary encapsulated
anaplastic
anaplastic
the energy imparted to a unit of mass of matter by ionizing radiation is measured in
rad
rem
curie
roentgen
rad
N13 ammonia demonstrates extended myocardial retention, by staying metabolically trapped within the myocytes. this is due to
activity of the Na/K-ATPase pumps
binding to the mitochondrial complex
the glutamine synthetase pathway
glucose transporters activity
the glutamine synthetase pathway
bilateral, symmetric decreased fdg uptake in the temporoparietal region of the brain is the prevailing pattern observed in
pick disease
vascular dementia
alzheimer’s disease
dementia with lewy bodies
alzheimer’s disease
a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia after myelosuppresive chemotherapy is a common indication for treatment with
erythropoietin
thrombopoietin
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, complete response to therapy is defined as a disappearance of all tumor foci for at least
1 week
2 weeks
4 weeks
8 weeks
4 weeks
brain metabolism and blood flow are increased at the site of onset of the seizure in the
interictal state
intraictal state
inter and intraictal states
neither inter or intraictal states
intraictal state
a type of beta decay in which a proton is converted to a neutron and the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino are released is called
positron emission
isomeric transition
electron capture
beta decay
positron emission
which of the following tests is the basis of screening as well as a useful tool in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?
barium enema
occult blood testing
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy
colonoscopy
reimbursable by the CMMS oncologic applications for pet scanning in lymphoma management include all of the following except
diagnosis
stagiing
therapy monitoring
restaging
therapy monitoring
the excretion of ga68 DOTA-peptides is primarily through the
skin
bowel
gallbladder
kidney
kidney
nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency are characteristic findings present in
parkinson’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
vascular dementia
ictal epilepsy
parkinson’s disease
the difference in the detection times
between two coincidence photons that is used to determine most likely location of the annihilation event along LOR is applied in
hybrid imaging
TOF imaging
image coregistration
scatter correction
TOF imaging
the single most important prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer is/are
metastases to regional lymph nodes
the location of the carcinoma
the size of the lesion
coexisting diseases
metastases to regional lymph nodes
extending the axial FOV of the scanner to cover the patient more in a single-bed position results in
increased sensitivity
decreased rates of scatter
decreased rates of randoms
increased resolution
increased sensitivity
which of the following is the most common risk factor for colorectal cancer?
smoking
drinking
family hx
uncontrolled diabetes
family hx
a pencil shape, fan shape, and a cone shape are common terms used in radiography to describe
CT detectors arrangements
CT detectors properties
xray beam
xray tube
xray beam
a normal endometrial uptake with f18 fdg is most commonly seen
during ovulation
during menstruation
a few days before the menstrual flow
a few days after the menstrual flow
during menstruation
f18 flurpiridaz is a pet imaging tracer that has been explored in patients with
lymphoma
malignant melanoma
coronary artery disease
non-small cell carcinoma
coronary artery disease
a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus is called
average man
average worker
reference man
reference worker
reference worker
diaphragmatic crus f18 fdg uptake can be seen in patients with
tachycardia
increased respiratory effort
anxiety
excessive sweating
increased respiratory effort
in the test-retest setting, the reproducibility of quantitative pet parameters depends mainly on
roi and lesion size
glucose correlation factors
the recon method
body weight correction factors
roi and lesion size
the recommended time interval necessary to avoid increased fdg uptake in the spleen and bone marrow after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy is at least
1 day
1 week
10 days
4 weeks
10 days
with regard to nodal lesions detection in patients with lymphoma, NAC pet images are superior to AC pet images in evaluating
deeply seated nodal lesions
superficial nodal lesions
anteriorly seated nodal lesions
posterior nodal lesions
superficial nodal lesions
segmental colon activity on fdg scan suggests
colon carcinoma
colon polyp
colon inflammation
colon metastases
colon inflammation
which of the following preparations can be used if IV hydration before fdg imaging is indicated?
dextrose
lactose
normal saline
amino acids
normal saline
the pattern of diffuse hypermetabolism in the skeleton and spleen on fdg scan is most likely caused by
prolonged fasting
bone metastases
bone marrow hyperplasia
excessive exercise
bone marrow hyperplasia
which of the following radionuclides can be used in pet/ct imaging to image the extent of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma?
I131
F18
C11
I124
I124
decontamination must be performed if a wiped area exceeds
2 dpm/100cm2
20 dpm/100cm2
200 dpm/100cm2
2000 dpm/100cm2
200 dpm/100cm2
how will increasing the administered activity influence the scatter-to-true ratio?
the scatter-to-true ratio will stay the same
the ratio will increase
the ratio will decrease
the ratio will decrease or increase
the ratio will stay the same
nac images can be differentiated from ac images by the presence of all of the following except
high noise
high skin activity
high lung activity
low deep structures activity
high noise
if the pretest probability of a disease is low, then a positive pet is more likely to be
false negative
false positive
true negative
true positive
false positive
fdg uptake in tumors such as lipoma, neurofibroma, and desmoid tumor is best described as
absent
low
variable
high
low
a collaboration of the american college of radiology imaging network, the american college of radiology, and the academy of molecular imaging to ensure access to medicare reimbursement for certain types of pet scans is called
the national oncologic pet registry
the centers for medicare and medicaid services program
acr accreditation program
acr appropriateness criteria for imaging
the national oncologic pet registry
the normal parathyroid glands on fdg imaging are
not visualized
visualized but asymmetrical in appearance
visualized and symmetrical in appearance
visualized only if thyroid gland is present
not visualized
the amount of radioactivity found in matter is measured in
rad
rem
curie
roentgen
curie
elevated fdg activity observed on a pet scan performed further than 6 months after completion of radiation therapy most likely represents
tumor recurrence
radiation necrosis
flare phenomenon
benign finding
tumor reccurence
stage IV of the cotswold system is identified when
the cancer affects lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm
the cancer spreads to extranodal sites
the cancer has only affected one lymph node region or organ
the cancer is either above or below the diaphragm
the cancer spreads to extranodal sites
selected tumors with low/variable fdg uptake include all of the following except
prostate carcinoma
mucinous adenocarcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
non-small cell lung carcinoma
non-small cell lung carcinoma
pet and pet/ct have the highest sensitivity for the detection of
abdominal and pelvic lymph node involvement
peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement
head and neck lymph node involvement
bone involvement
peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement
which of the following statements describing the usefulness of pet imaging in colorectal cancer is false?
fdg pet is useful for detecting both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases
fdg pet is helpful in detecting nodal involvement
fdg pet can differentiate local recurrence from scarring after radiation therapy
fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients
fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients
if two compton scattered photons add up simultaneously in the detector and the resultant peak falls within the window these events are called
randoms
pulse pileups
dead-time loss
attenuation
pulse pileups
visceral functions, body temp, and behavioral responses are controlled by
the limbic system
thalamus
hypothalamus
cerebellum
hypothalamus
fdg pet imaging of malignant mesotheliomas has been explored in all of the following clinical settings except
evaluation of benign vs malignant pleural disease
radiotherapy planning
assessment of intrathoracic disease extent
monitoring metabolic response to therapy
radiotherapy planning
the radiation sensitivity of a tissue is proportional to the
degree of cell differentiation
distance from the source of radiation
time of radiation exposure
rate of cell proliferation
rate of cell proliferation
signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except
sweating
palpitations
confusion
hyperthermia
hyperthermia
process in which positional information is gained from a coincidence event assigned to a LOR joining the two relevant detectors is called
electronic registration
rebinning
electronic collimation
filtering
electronic collimation
if one were scanning a tumor that was found in the liver, the signal would be defined as the difference between the tumor and surrounding tissue, while the noise would be the standard deviation of the signal level within
the tumor
the surrounding tissue
the background
the whole image
the tumor
increasing the xray tube current (mA) will result in
increase in the number of xray photons produced
decrease in the number of xray photons produced
increase in the energy of xray photons produced
decrease in the energy of the xray photons produced
increase in the number of xray photons produced
metabolic, positron-emitter rpxs used in the diagnosis of NETs, include pet tracers that allow investigating all of the following metabolic pathways except
amine production and storage mechanism
catecholamine transport
cholesterol metabolic pathway
serotonin production pathway
cholesterol metabolic pathway
the benefit of 3d acquisition when compared to 2d is that the sensitivity of the scanner is improved by a factor of
2-4
4-6
6-12
12-24
4-6
the type of study where a given agent does not pass through a tissue bed but accumulates progressively in the organ of study is called
perfusion study
bolus study
wash-in study
wash-out study
wash-in study
fdg uptake in primary lesions is a direct function of all of the following except
cellular proliferation
cellular apoptosis
number of cancer cells
expression of GLUT receptors
cellular apoptosis
the sealed sources inventory and leak test should be performed
weekly
monthly
every 6 months
annually
every 6 months
the sensitivity of a pet scanner operating in 3d mode
is equal across the fov
is highest in the axial center of the gantry
rises up toward the periphery
is the same as the sensitivity of 2d
is highest in the axial center of the gantry
primary applications of pet and pet/ct in brain imaging include all of the following except
differentiation of dementias
evaluation of primary brain tumors
evaluation of brain injuries
evaluation of seizure foci
evaluation of brain injuries
a detailed specification standard for the exchange of digital images and data between imaging devices is called
pacs
dicom
dac
nema
dicom
a direct-acting inotropic agent that increases myocardial contractility in a dose-dependent manner is called
adenosine
dipyridamole
dobutamine
aminophylline
dobutamine
the recon method incorporating the compensation for broadening of psf with increasing distance from the center of the scanner is called
orindary poisson (OP-OSEM)
attenuation-weighted OSEM (AW-OSEM)
high-definition PET
fourier rebinning
high-definition pet
all of the following statements describing the features of pet and spect are correct except
pet imaging has higher sensitivity than spect imaging
spect resolution is limited by technology
pet resolution is limited by positron range and photon non-collinearity
spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides
spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides
all of the following statements correctly describe fdg pet imaging when compared with ga67 imaging except
fdg pet is a 1 day procedure vs 2-7 days for ga67 imaging
fdg pet has superior spatial resolution to that of ga67 imaging
fdg pet is particularly useful in the follow-up of non-gallium-avid lymphoma scintigraphy
fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging
fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging
the x-axis of the data plotted on pet sinogram represents
the angle of orientation of the lor
the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry
the window of coincidence of the lor
displacement of the lor from the center of the fov
the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry
the diagnostic performance of fdg pet in the staging of patients with lymphoma is approximated as
sensitivity 90% and specificity 50%
sensitivity 50% and specificity 50%
sensitivity 50% and specificity 91%
sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%
sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%
all of the following statements describing the epidemiology of breast cancer are true except
breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women
approximately 1 in 9 women will have breast cancer during their lifetime
the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years
the ratio of female to male breast cancer is approximately 100:1
the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years
which of the following diagnosis should be considered first in patients presented with signs or symptoms related to nodal enlargement, and/or with other disease associated indicators, such as fevers or night sweats?
multiple myeloma
lymphoma
lung carcinoma
sarcoma
lymphoma
fibroadenoma, gynecomastia, and ductal hyperplasia/adenoma are
breast cancers
breast benign lesions
breast cancer metastatic lesions
breast chemo/radiotherapy induced inflammation
breast benign lesions
a neoplastic disease of adipose tissue is called
lipoma
osteosarcoma
liposarcoma
chondrosarcoma
liposarcoma
the most important clinical tool in evaluating patients with suspected seizures is
mri
emg
eeg
pet
eeg
all of the following novel pet probes have been showing promising results in malignant pleural mesothelioma evaluation except
f18 fluorothymidine
f18 fluoromisonidazole
f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone
c11 methionine
f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone
f18 fdg focal uptake seen 6 months after completion of radiation therapy should be considered as
tumor recurrence
normal findings
radiation necrosis
radiation pneumonitis
tumor recurrence
a naturally occurring cyclic neuropeptide that inhibits several physiologic functions such as neurotransmission, the secretion of growth hormones, gastric acid production, gi motility, and insulin secretion is called
cortisol
epinephrine
somatostatin
norepinephrine
somatostatin
the posterior association cortex hypometabolism involving the posterior lateral, temporal lateral, and medial parietal and posterior cingulate cortices on fdg pet images is reliable and an accurate finding for identifying
parkinson’s disease
dementia
radiation necrosis
alzheimer’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
f18 fdg uptake in fracture should normalize within
1 week
1 month
3 months
6 months
3 months
the most common reaction to produce f18 as fluoride ion (f – -18) is based on proton bombardment of
Ne20 (neon gas)
O18 (oxygen enriched water)
Ne18 (neon gas)
O18 (oxygen enriched water)
the geometric efficiency of the pet scanner depends on all of the following except
the diameter of the ring
distance between the source and the detector
height of the table
number of detectors in the ring
height of the table
a drug that reduces the metabolism of endogenous adenosine by inhibiting the enzyme called adenosine deaminase is called
nitroglycerine
dipyridamole
propanolol
aminophylline
dipyridamole
the advantages of positron emission mammography over whole body pet include all of the following except
improvement in lesion detectability
increase in the quantitative accuracy
expansion of the staging capabilities
improved delineating of the lesion
expansion of the staging capabilities
what type of receptors is highly expressed on NET cells?
cortisol receptors
epinephrine receptors
somatostatin receptors
norepinephrine receptors
somatostatin receptors
laryngeal fdg uptake
is absent on normal scans
is more pronounced if patient speaks after the scan completion
it can have an inverted T appearance
may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis
may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis
a pet fdg scan performed in patients with esophagitis or barrett esophagus can exhibit increased uptake and will be classified as a
false negative study
true negative study
false positive study
true positive study
false positive study
the presence of intense fdg activity with a distribution that is not consistent with the site of surgery indicates the presence of
infarction
foreign body
infection
artifact
infection
the brain energy production depends solely on
anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic glycolysis
free fatty acids
phosphocreatine
aerobic glycolysis
the number of counts per unit time detected by the device for each unit of activity present in a source is defined as
mean suv
scanner resolution
scanner sensitivity
scanner reproducibility
scanner sensitivity
the total uptake of the injected dose of fdg in the brain is approximately
3%
6%
9%
12%
6%
physical property of the contrast media described as the measurement of the number of molecules and particles in a solution per kg of water is called
osmolality
solubility
viscosity
integrity
osmolality
the most frequently used clinical myocardial perfusion pet agent is
f18 fdg
tc99m sestamibi
rb82
o15 water
rb82
which of the following statements describing the characteristics of pulmonary nodules when differentiating benign from malignant lesions is false?
the presence of cancer in small nodules is lower than in large nodules
benign nodules typically show a well-defined smooth and round contour
the presence of calcification in a pulmonary nodule increases the probability of a benign cause
benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days
benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days
a vacuum tube that accelerates electrons against dynodes of increasing electric charge to amplify their signal is called
photomultiplier tube
xray tube
photocathode
digital-analog converter
photomultiplier tube
brain metabolism and blood flow are decreased at the site of onset of the seizure in the
interictal state
intraictal state
inter and intraictal states
neither inter or intraictal states
interictal state
when the septa are removed, and coincidences are recorded between detectors lying in any ring combination the data are acquired
in hybrid mode
in 2d mode
in 3d mode
in 4d mode
in 3d mode
epinephrine administered by iv bolus in patients with cardiac arrest will
induce bradycardia
increase aortic diastolic blood pressure
produce marked hypotension
prevent tachyarrhythmia
increase aortic diastolic blood pressure
physical property of the contrast media is described as thickness or friction of fluid as it flows is called
osmolality
solubility
viscosity
integrity
viscosity
posttraumatic breast hematoma, ruptured breast implant, and changes around breast prosthesis can lead to
false positive results in pet/ct scanning
false negative
true negative
true positive
false positive results in pet/ct scanning
sources of false positive pet fdg results in lung cancer imaging include all of the following except
inflammatory pseudotumor
histoplasmosis
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
sarcoidosis
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
which of the following pet/ct scanning protocols delivers the lowest radiation dose to the patient?
topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg
topogram, diagnostic ct with contrast, 370 mbq fdg
topogram, low dose ct, 300 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca
topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca
topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg
a 60 y/o woman with concomitant obesity and a strong family hx of diabetes whose sugar level is well controlled with metformin (glucophage) is most likely to be diagnosed with
type I diabetes
type II diabetes
gestational diabetes
malnutrition diabetes
type II diabetes
increasing the xray tube kv will result in
increasing the number of xray photons produced
decreasing the number of xray photons produced
increasing the energy of xray photons produced
decreasing the energy of xray photons produced
increasing the energy of xray photons produced
which of the following insulin preparations has the shortest serum half-life?
lente insulin
semilente insulin
neutral protamine hagedorn insulin
regular insulin
regular insulin
the small deviation away from a true 180 degree path that annihilation photons take is called
photon energy range
photon non-collinearity
lepton number
photon collinearity
photon non-collinearity
the 2010 guidelines for CPR recommended a change in the BLS sequence of steps from ABC (airway, breathing, chest compressions) to
airway, chest compressions, breathing
breathing, chest compressions, airway
chest compressions, airway, breathing
chest compressions, breathing, airway
chest compressions, airway, breathing
the process of applying a kernel to the raw data is called
fourier transformation
convolution
retrospective recon
windowing
convolution
in order to avoid any false-positive results, pet or pet/ct scans should be performed
1-2 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
4-6 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
6-8 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
focal increased fdg activity in the lungs is considered abnormal if it is greater than activity in
myocardial wall
liver
mediastinal soft tissues
thyroid
mediastinal soft tissues
hypoxia-mediated aggressive tumor behavior and resistance to therapy is mediated by the hypoxia inducible transcription factor called
HIF-1
choline
integrin
CD-20
HIF-1
