practice test 2 Flashcards by Stephanie Wibbenmeyer

which of the following cardiac imaging studies deliver the highest estimated effective radiation dose?

Rb82 rest and stress
calcium scoring
N13 ammonia rest and stress
O15 water rest and stress

Rb82 rest and stress

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quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what they should be called is the partial volume effect. which of the following statements describing this is true?

pve is more prominent in smaller tumor
pve is more prominent in metastatic tumor
pve is less prominent in tumor in situ
pve is less prominent in bigger tumor

pve is more prominent in smaller tumor

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truncation is the source of streaking artifacts at the edge of the CT image. the presence of these artifacts

overestimates the attenuation coefficients

produces image misregistration

underestimates the attenuation coefficients

necessitates use of shielding

overestimates the attenuation coefficients

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all of the following are the most commonly seen artifacts on PET/CT images except

respiratory motion
partial-volume effect
truncation
contrast medium

partial-volume effect

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the inverse of the mean distance traveled by photons before they deposit energy in the crystal is called

the stopping power
energy resolution
the decay constant
the light output

the stopping power

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post-processing measures such as scaling, segmentation, or a combination of the two has been used in the PET/CT systems in order to

correct for scatter coincidences

convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET

correct for random coincidences

convert PET emission data to the CT attenuation coefficients

convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET

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the recon method in which the comparison is made between the numerical projection data and the measured projection data in a feedback loop is called

filtered back projection

iterative reconstruction

ordered-subset expectation maximization

maximum likelihood-expectation maximization

iterative reconstruction

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which of the following statements describing the role of PET in the diagnostic work-up of patients with melanoma is false?

PET is a standard modality in evaluation of recurrent melanoma

melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET

PET is most valuable in stage III disease

PET is more accurate for systemic staging than regional staging

melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET

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according to the practice of medicine and pharmacy laws, all the clinical FDG PET imaging work is complete by prescription by a physician and dispensing by registered

nurse
radiologist
pharmacist
nuclear medicine physician

pharmacist

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the temporal improvement in contractile function of a dysfunctional myocardial region after restoration of blood flow describes

myocardial infarction
myocardial viability
diastolic dysfunction
systolic dysfunction

myocardial viability

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linear attenuation coefficient determines the scintillator

stopping power
energy resolution
decay constant
light output

stopping power

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administration/consumption of which of the following before FDG dosing will decrease uptake of the rpx by brown adipose tissue?

ephedrine
propanolol
caffeine
nicotine

propanolol

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the breathing protocols applied during PET/CT acquisition, ex respiratory gating, the breath-hold at inspiration protocol, and the shallow breathing protocol are utilized to eliminate

truncation artifacts
misregistration artifacts
contrast media artifacts
streaking artifacts

misregistration artifacts

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in which of the following clinical circumstances is the application of SUV most likely to be useless?

prognosis of the disease
diagnosis of the disease
staging of the disease
therapy monitoring of the disease

staging of the disease

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which of the following scintillators is commercially available in TOF PET imaging?

GSO
BaF2
BGO
LYSO

LYSO

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administration of water-equivalent contrast agent when performing PET/CT imaging

underestimates SUV
overestimates SUV
does not affect SUV
produces streaking artifacts

does not affect SUV

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a state of chronically reduced contractility in viable myocardial tissue, caused by prolonged or repetitive reductions in myocardial flow, is called

scarred myocardium
ischemic myocardium
stunned myocardium
hibernating myocardium

hibernating myocardium

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the 2010 CPR and ECC of AHA recommend in adults a compression depth of at least

1 in
1.5 in
2 in
2.5 in

2 in

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if a truncated CT scan is used for the attenuation correction of a larger transaxial FOV PET scan, the activity estimates outside the CT FOV will be

underestimated
overestimated
unchanged
equal to 0

underestimated

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a global reduction in the brain function assessed by FDG uptake is observed in

dementia
parkinson’s disease
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

hypothyroidism

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medicare reimbursement for PET FDG myocardial viability imaging is available in all of the following settings except

primary diagnosis
following an inconclusive SPECT
initial diagnosis
following an inconclusive CCTA

following an inconclusive CCTA

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the histological presence of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex defines

parkinson’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
dementia
glioma

alzheimers’ disease

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in the typical PET/CT acquisition, the CT component is performed as

a non-contrast low radiation dose scan
a non-contrast high radiation dose scan
high radiation dose scan with contrast
low radiation dose scan with contrast

a non-contrast low radiation dose scan

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ovarian uptake of FDG in a postmenopausal patient indicates

a normal finding
malignancy
pregnancy
ovulating ovary

malignancy

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which of the following rpx has been developed as the PET tracer to measure a cell proliferation rate? F18 fluoride C11 pittsburg compound C11 acetate F18 fluorothymidine

F18 fluorothymidine

an area of focal FDG uptake in the lungs, without corresponding finding on the CT scan, can be caused by all of the following except an injected blood clot motion artifact pulmonary infarction contamination

pulmonary infarction

the main stream of xray photons generated in the xray tube is described as braking radiation characteristic radiation compton scattering attenuation photons

braking radiation

a group of ROIs through planes, which define a 3D region of relevance, is called volume of interest MIP multiplanar reconstruction dose uptake ratio

volume of interest

coincidence events registered in PET acquisition and defined as prompt counts include true and scatter events scatter and randoms true and randoms true, scatter, and randoms

true, scatter, and randoms

an analytic reconstruction algorithm that assigns the values in the projection to all points along the line of acquisition through the image plane from which they were acquired is known as filtered back projection back projection iterative reconstruction filtering

back projection

qc testing for PET agents that involves decay analysis in a dose calibrator for a defined period of time is called specific activity analysis radiochemical purity radionuclide identity bacterial endotoxin testing

radionuclide identity

the following are examples of oral hypoglycemic drugs except metformin glyburide dicumarol chlorpropamide

dicumarol

decreased myocardial blood flow combined with decreased myocardial glucose metabolism indicates the presence of normal viable myocardium nonviable myocardium stunned myocardium hibernating myocardium

nonviable myocardium

the parietal lobe of the brain is located behind the frontal lobe and controls auditory info visual info smell sensation tactile sensation

tactile sensation

the PET scanner qc procedure in which data are used to compensate for the variation in efficiency in each LOR in the sinogram is called normalization calibration blank scan attenuation correction

normalization

the following statements correctly describe the SUV in reconstructed PET images except quantitative accuracy for data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D emission data require correction for the presence of random coincidences the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D emission data require correction for the presence of scatter coincidences

the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D

the total attenuation is the sum of the attenuation due to different types of interactions and includes all of the following except the photoelectric effect compton scattering pair production bremsstrahlung radiation

bremsstrahlung radiation

if the collected data follow a gaussian distribution, 68% of gathered values will be within one standard deviation two SD three SD mean +/-10

one SD

the parameter of the CT scanner defined as the ratio of the table speed per gantry rotation to the total xray beam width is called pitch bed ring hybrid

pitch

a substitution radioactive for nonradioactive element in a biologically active PET tracer molecule without altering its biologic properties is called hot-for-hot substitution cold-for-hot sub hot-for-cold sub cold-for-cold sub

hot-for-cold sub

F18 fluoroestradiol was developed as the PET tracer to assess membrane synthesis estrogen receptor hypoxia extent protein synthesis

estrogen receptor

how many atoms disintegrating per second are measured by one becquerel? 1000 100 10 1

which of the following statements describing properties of the survey meters routinely used in the NM department is false? a cutie-pie counter is an ionization chamber a GM counter is used for low-level surveys a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate a cutie-pie output is proportional to the total energy deposited

a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate

the accessory organs of the digestive system include the esophagus stomach liver small intestine

liver

a linear transformation of the initial attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water and the radiodensity of air at STP is equal to 0 and -1000 accordingly is called hounsfield unit scale attenuation coefficient partial voluming beam hardening

hounsfield unit scale

the capacity to overlay data from distinct sources that will map a pixel from one source into a pixel from the other is called image attenuation image registration filtering rebinning

image registration

two photons arising from two annihilation events and detected within each others' coincidence window are true coincidences random events scatter coincidences single events

random events

the dose calibrator qc procedure performed with different sealed radionuclides is called geometry accuracy linearity constancy

accuracy

which of the following radionuclides commonly used in PET imaging has the lowest positron range in water? C11 N13 O15 F18

F18

the cotswold system applies to both hodgkin's disease and non-hodgkin's lymphoma and divides them into 2 stages 4 stages 6 stages 8 stages

4 stages

when handling a minor radioactive spill, the tech should perform the following sequence of events decontaminate personnel, survey the area, notify a supervisor write up report, contain the spill, notify the RSO clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill decontaminate personnel, clear the area, write up report

clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill

which of the following histopathological types of gastric carcinoma is associated with low FDG uptake? tubular carcinoma papillary carcinoma signet cell carcinoma metastatic adenocarcinoma

signet cell carcinoma

which of the following scintillators commonly used in PET has the highest light output? LSO BaF2 BGO GSO

LSO

low carb and a high protein diet favor the metabolism of carbs ketones amino acids fatty acids

amino acids

the energy of the xray photons produced by the CT xray tube is controlled by the tube voltage (kV) temp of the anode tube current (mA) temp of the cathode

tube voltage (kV)

urinary bladder catheterization prior to PET imaging might be required for patients diagnosed with pulmonary nodule brain tumor melanoma uterine carcinoma

uterine carcinoma

which of the following statements describing FDG uptake in gallbladder/biliary tract is false? no uptake is observed in normal gb wall gb wall uptake is seen in acute cholecystitis focal gb uptake is observed in gb carcinoma cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions

cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions

in the process of differentiation between residual viable or recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis in patients with treated primary or metastatic CNS brain tumor, absence of FDG uptake in the region of interest indicates brain tumor brain tumor and radiation necrosis radiation necrosis neither brain tumor nor radiation necrosis

radiation necrosis

which of the following statements describing the clinical utility of PET/CT FDG imaging vs PET FDG imaging is false? with CT has less of a tendency toward upstaging of patients than PET alone with CT correctly downstages a number of patients compared with PET alone with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone with CT is found to be more accurate for staging than PET alone

with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone

what sign should be posted in an area accessible to personnel in which a major portion of the body of a person could receive a dose in excess of 100 mr/hr? radioactive materials radiation area high radiation area airborne radioactivity area

high radiation area

the three main divisions of the large intestine are the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum cecum, colon, and rectum cecum, colon, and ileum duodenum, jejunum, and rectum

cecum, colon, and rectum

the following methods are employed in the quantitative FDG studies except tumor-to-background ratios signal-to-noise-ratios SUV full kinetic analysis

signal-to-noise-ratios

a group of naturally occurring glycoproteins that regulate the production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells are called mucins immunoglobulins colony-stimulating factors thyroid-stimulating hormone

colony-stimulating factors

pet images that are distinguished by "hot skin" and the manifestation of the lungs with high tracer uptake and the low tracer concentrations in the mediastinum are NAC images AC images MIP images AC or NAC images

NAC images

the pharmacologic effect of dipyridamole or adenosine can be reversed by the administration of propanolol valium aminophylline nitroglycerine

aminophylline

which of the following statements describing different methods of SUV normalization is false? SUV can be normalized to total body mass SUV can be normalized to lean body mass SUV can be normalized to body surface area SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable

SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable

the occipital lobe is located in the posterior part of the brain and is responsible for the processing of auditory info visual info smell sensation tactile sensation

visual info

which of the following histological types of thyroid carcinoma DOES NOT concentrate iodine? classic papillary classic follicular papillary encapsulated anaplastic

anaplastic

the energy imparted to a unit of mass of matter by ionizing radiation is measured in rad rem curie roentgen

rad

N13 ammonia demonstrates extended myocardial retention, by staying metabolically trapped within the myocytes. this is due to activity of the Na/K-ATPase pumps binding to the mitochondrial complex the glutamine synthetase pathway glucose transporters activity

the glutamine synthetase pathway

bilateral, symmetric decreased fdg uptake in the temporoparietal region of the brain is the prevailing pattern observed in pick disease vascular dementia alzheimer's disease dementia with lewy bodies

alzheimer's disease

a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia after myelosuppresive chemotherapy is a common indication for treatment with erythropoietin thrombopoietin macrophage colony-stimulating factor granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, complete response to therapy is defined as a disappearance of all tumor foci for at least 1 week 2 weeks 4 weeks 8 weeks

4 weeks

brain metabolism and blood flow are increased at the site of onset of the seizure in the interictal state intraictal state inter and intraictal states neither inter or intraictal states

intraictal state

a type of beta decay in which a proton is converted to a neutron and the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino are released is called positron emission isomeric transition electron capture beta decay

positron emission

which of the following tests is the basis of screening as well as a useful tool in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer? barium enema occult blood testing sigmoidoscopy colonoscopy

colonoscopy

reimbursable by the CMMS oncologic applications for pet scanning in lymphoma management include all of the following except diagnosis stagiing therapy monitoring restaging

therapy monitoring

the excretion of ga68 DOTA-peptides is primarily through the skin bowel gallbladder kidney

kidney

nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency are characteristic findings present in parkinson's disease alzheimer's disease vascular dementia ictal epilepsy

parkinson's disease

the difference in the detection times between two coincidence photons that is used to determine most likely location of the annihilation event along LOR is applied in hybrid imaging TOF imaging image coregistration scatter correction

TOF imaging

the single most important prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer is/are metastases to regional lymph nodes the location of the carcinoma the size of the lesion coexisting diseases

metastases to regional lymph nodes

extending the axial FOV of the scanner to cover the patient more in a single-bed position results in increased sensitivity decreased rates of scatter decreased rates of randoms increased resolution

increased sensitivity

which of the following is the most common risk factor for colorectal cancer? smoking drinking family hx uncontrolled diabetes

family hx

a pencil shape, fan shape, and a cone shape are common terms used in radiography to describe CT detectors arrangements CT detectors properties xray beam xray tube

xray beam

a normal endometrial uptake with f18 fdg is most commonly seen during ovulation during menstruation a few days before the menstrual flow a few days after the menstrual flow

during menstruation

f18 flurpiridaz is a pet imaging tracer that has been explored in patients with lymphoma malignant melanoma coronary artery disease non-small cell carcinoma

coronary artery disease

a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus is called average man average worker reference man reference worker

reference worker

diaphragmatic crus f18 fdg uptake can be seen in patients with tachycardia increased respiratory effort anxiety excessive sweating

increased respiratory effort

in the test-retest setting, the reproducibility of quantitative pet parameters depends mainly on roi and lesion size glucose correlation factors the recon method body weight correction factors

roi and lesion size

the recommended time interval necessary to avoid increased fdg uptake in the spleen and bone marrow after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy is at least 1 day 1 week 10 days 4 weeks

10 days

with regard to nodal lesions detection in patients with lymphoma, NAC pet images are superior to AC pet images in evaluating deeply seated nodal lesions superficial nodal lesions anteriorly seated nodal lesions posterior nodal lesions

superficial nodal lesions

segmental colon activity on fdg scan suggests colon carcinoma colon polyp colon inflammation colon metastases

colon inflammation

which of the following preparations can be used if IV hydration before fdg imaging is indicated? dextrose lactose normal saline amino acids

normal saline

the pattern of diffuse hypermetabolism in the skeleton and spleen on fdg scan is most likely caused by prolonged fasting bone metastases bone marrow hyperplasia excessive exercise

bone marrow hyperplasia

which of the following radionuclides can be used in pet/ct imaging to image the extent of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma? I131 F18 C11 I124

I124

decontamination must be performed if a wiped area exceeds 2 dpm/100cm2 20 dpm/100cm2 200 dpm/100cm2 2000 dpm/100cm2

200 dpm/100cm2

how will increasing the administered activity influence the scatter-to-true ratio? the scatter-to-true ratio will stay the same the ratio will increase the ratio will decrease the ratio will decrease or increase

the ratio will stay the same

nac images can be differentiated from ac images by the presence of all of the following except high noise high skin activity high lung activity low deep structures activity

high noise

if the pretest probability of a disease is low, then a positive pet is more likely to be false negative false positive true negative true positive

false positive

fdg uptake in tumors such as lipoma, neurofibroma, and desmoid tumor is best described as absent low variable high

low

a collaboration of the american college of radiology imaging network, the american college of radiology, and the academy of molecular imaging to ensure access to medicare reimbursement for certain types of pet scans is called the national oncologic pet registry the centers for medicare and medicaid services program acr accreditation program acr appropriateness criteria for imaging

the national oncologic pet registry

the normal parathyroid glands on fdg imaging are not visualized visualized but asymmetrical in appearance visualized and symmetrical in appearance visualized only if thyroid gland is present

not visualized

the amount of radioactivity found in matter is measured in rad rem curie roentgen

curie

elevated fdg activity observed on a pet scan performed further than 6 months after completion of radiation therapy most likely represents tumor recurrence radiation necrosis flare phenomenon benign finding

tumor reccurence

stage IV of the cotswold system is identified when the cancer affects lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm the cancer spreads to extranodal sites the cancer has only affected one lymph node region or organ the cancer is either above or below the diaphragm

the cancer spreads to extranodal sites

selected tumors with low/variable fdg uptake include all of the following except prostate carcinoma mucinous adenocarcinoma renal cell carcinoma non-small cell lung carcinoma

non-small cell lung carcinoma

pet and pet/ct have the highest sensitivity for the detection of abdominal and pelvic lymph node involvement peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement head and neck lymph node involvement bone involvement

peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement

which of the following statements describing the usefulness of pet imaging in colorectal cancer is false? fdg pet is useful for detecting both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases fdg pet is helpful in detecting nodal involvement fdg pet can differentiate local recurrence from scarring after radiation therapy fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients

fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients

if two compton scattered photons add up simultaneously in the detector and the resultant peak falls within the window these events are called randoms pulse pileups dead-time loss attenuation

pulse pileups

visceral functions, body temp, and behavioral responses are controlled by the limbic system thalamus hypothalamus cerebellum

hypothalamus

fdg pet imaging of malignant mesotheliomas has been explored in all of the following clinical settings except evaluation of benign vs malignant pleural disease radiotherapy planning assessment of intrathoracic disease extent monitoring metabolic response to therapy

radiotherapy planning

the radiation sensitivity of a tissue is proportional to the degree of cell differentiation distance from the source of radiation time of radiation exposure rate of cell proliferation

rate of cell proliferation

signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except sweating palpitations confusion hyperthermia

hyperthermia

process in which positional information is gained from a coincidence event assigned to a LOR joining the two relevant detectors is called electronic registration rebinning electronic collimation filtering

electronic collimation

if one were scanning a tumor that was found in the liver, the signal would be defined as the difference between the tumor and surrounding tissue, while the noise would be the standard deviation of the signal level within the tumor the surrounding tissue the background the whole image

the tumor

increasing the xray tube current (mA) will result in increase in the number of xray photons produced decrease in the number of xray photons produced increase in the energy of xray photons produced decrease in the energy of the xray photons produced

increase in the number of xray photons produced

metabolic, positron-emitter rpxs used in the diagnosis of NETs, include pet tracers that allow investigating all of the following metabolic pathways except amine production and storage mechanism catecholamine transport cholesterol metabolic pathway serotonin production pathway

cholesterol metabolic pathway

the benefit of 3d acquisition when compared to 2d is that the sensitivity of the scanner is improved by a factor of 2-4 4-6 6-12 12-24

4-6

the type of study where a given agent does not pass through a tissue bed but accumulates progressively in the organ of study is called perfusion study bolus study wash-in study wash-out study

wash-in study

fdg uptake in primary lesions is a direct function of all of the following except cellular proliferation cellular apoptosis number of cancer cells expression of GLUT receptors

cellular apoptosis

the sealed sources inventory and leak test should be performed weekly monthly every 6 months annually

every 6 months

the sensitivity of a pet scanner operating in 3d mode is equal across the fov is highest in the axial center of the gantry rises up toward the periphery is the same as the sensitivity of 2d

is highest in the axial center of the gantry

primary applications of pet and pet/ct in brain imaging include all of the following except differentiation of dementias evaluation of primary brain tumors evaluation of brain injuries evaluation of seizure foci

evaluation of brain injuries

a detailed specification standard for the exchange of digital images and data between imaging devices is called pacs dicom dac nema

dicom

a direct-acting inotropic agent that increases myocardial contractility in a dose-dependent manner is called adenosine dipyridamole dobutamine aminophylline

dobutamine

the recon method incorporating the compensation for broadening of psf with increasing distance from the center of the scanner is called orindary poisson (OP-OSEM) attenuation-weighted OSEM (AW-OSEM) high-definition PET fourier rebinning

high-definition pet

all of the following statements describing the features of pet and spect are correct except pet imaging has higher sensitivity than spect imaging spect resolution is limited by technology pet resolution is limited by positron range and photon non-collinearity spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides

spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides

all of the following statements correctly describe fdg pet imaging when compared with ga67 imaging except fdg pet is a 1 day procedure vs 2-7 days for ga67 imaging fdg pet has superior spatial resolution to that of ga67 imaging fdg pet is particularly useful in the follow-up of non-gallium-avid lymphoma scintigraphy fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging

fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging

the x-axis of the data plotted on pet sinogram represents the angle of orientation of the lor the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry the window of coincidence of the lor displacement of the lor from the center of the fov

the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry

the diagnostic performance of fdg pet in the staging of patients with lymphoma is approximated as sensitivity 90% and specificity 50% sensitivity 50% and specificity 50% sensitivity 50% and specificity 91% sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%

sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%

all of the following statements describing the epidemiology of breast cancer are true except breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women approximately 1 in 9 women will have breast cancer during their lifetime the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years the ratio of female to male breast cancer is approximately 100:1

the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years

which of the following diagnosis should be considered first in patients presented with signs or symptoms related to nodal enlargement, and/or with other disease associated indicators, such as fevers or night sweats? multiple myeloma lymphoma lung carcinoma sarcoma

lymphoma

fibroadenoma, gynecomastia, and ductal hyperplasia/adenoma are breast cancers breast benign lesions breast cancer metastatic lesions breast chemo/radiotherapy induced inflammation

breast benign lesions

a neoplastic disease of adipose tissue is called lipoma osteosarcoma liposarcoma chondrosarcoma

liposarcoma

the most important clinical tool in evaluating patients with suspected seizures is mri emg eeg pet

eeg

all of the following novel pet probes have been showing promising results in malignant pleural mesothelioma evaluation except f18 fluorothymidine f18 fluoromisonidazole f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone c11 methionine

f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone

f18 fdg focal uptake seen 6 months after completion of radiation therapy should be considered as tumor recurrence normal findings radiation necrosis radiation pneumonitis

tumor recurrence

a naturally occurring cyclic neuropeptide that inhibits several physiologic functions such as neurotransmission, the secretion of growth hormones, gastric acid production, gi motility, and insulin secretion is called cortisol epinephrine somatostatin norepinephrine

somatostatin

the posterior association cortex hypometabolism involving the posterior lateral, temporal lateral, and medial parietal and posterior cingulate cortices on fdg pet images is reliable and an accurate finding for identifying parkinson's disease dementia radiation necrosis alzheimer's disease

alzheimer's disease

f18 fdg uptake in fracture should normalize within 1 week 1 month 3 months 6 months

3 months

the most common reaction to produce f18 as fluoride ion (f -- -18) is based on proton bombardment of Ne20 (neon gas) O18 (oxygen enriched water) Ne18 (neon gas)

O18 (oxygen enriched water)

the geometric efficiency of the pet scanner depends on all of the following except the diameter of the ring distance between the source and the detector height of the table number of detectors in the ring

height of the table

a drug that reduces the metabolism of endogenous adenosine by inhibiting the enzyme called adenosine deaminase is called nitroglycerine dipyridamole propanolol aminophylline

dipyridamole

the advantages of positron emission mammography over whole body pet include all of the following except improvement in lesion detectability increase in the quantitative accuracy expansion of the staging capabilities improved delineating of the lesion

expansion of the staging capabilities

what type of receptors is highly expressed on NET cells? cortisol receptors epinephrine receptors somatostatin receptors norepinephrine receptors

somatostatin receptors

laryngeal fdg uptake is absent on normal scans is more pronounced if patient speaks after the scan completion it can have an inverted T appearance may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis

may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis

a pet fdg scan performed in patients with esophagitis or barrett esophagus can exhibit increased uptake and will be classified as a false negative study true negative study false positive study true positive study

false positive study

the presence of intense fdg activity with a distribution that is not consistent with the site of surgery indicates the presence of infarction foreign body infection artifact

infection

the brain energy production depends solely on anaerobic glycolysis aerobic glycolysis free fatty acids phosphocreatine

aerobic glycolysis

the number of counts per unit time detected by the device for each unit of activity present in a source is defined as mean suv scanner resolution scanner sensitivity scanner reproducibility

scanner sensitivity

the total uptake of the injected dose of fdg in the brain is approximately 3% 6% 9% 12%

physical property of the contrast media described as the measurement of the number of molecules and particles in a solution per kg of water is called osmolality solubility viscosity integrity

osmolality

the most frequently used clinical myocardial perfusion pet agent is f18 fdg tc99m sestamibi rb82 o15 water

rb82

which of the following statements describing the characteristics of pulmonary nodules when differentiating benign from malignant lesions is false? the presence of cancer in small nodules is lower than in large nodules benign nodules typically show a well-defined smooth and round contour the presence of calcification in a pulmonary nodule increases the probability of a benign cause benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days

benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days

a vacuum tube that accelerates electrons against dynodes of increasing electric charge to amplify their signal is called photomultiplier tube xray tube photocathode digital-analog converter

photomultiplier tube

brain metabolism and blood flow are decreased at the site of onset of the seizure in the interictal state intraictal state inter and intraictal states neither inter or intraictal states

interictal state

when the septa are removed, and coincidences are recorded between detectors lying in any ring combination the data are acquired in hybrid mode in 2d mode in 3d mode in 4d mode

in 3d mode

epinephrine administered by iv bolus in patients with cardiac arrest will induce bradycardia increase aortic diastolic blood pressure produce marked hypotension prevent tachyarrhythmia

increase aortic diastolic blood pressure

physical property of the contrast media is described as thickness or friction of fluid as it flows is called osmolality solubility viscosity integrity

viscosity

posttraumatic breast hematoma, ruptured breast implant, and changes around breast prosthesis can lead to false positive results in pet/ct scanning false negative true negative true positive

false positive results in pet/ct scanning

sources of false positive pet fdg results in lung cancer imaging include all of the following except inflammatory pseudotumor histoplasmosis bronchioloalveolar carcinoma sarcoidosis

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

which of the following pet/ct scanning protocols delivers the lowest radiation dose to the patient? topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg topogram, diagnostic ct with contrast, 370 mbq fdg topogram, low dose ct, 300 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca

topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg

a 60 y/o woman with concomitant obesity and a strong family hx of diabetes whose sugar level is well controlled with metformin (glucophage) is most likely to be diagnosed with type I diabetes type II diabetes gestational diabetes malnutrition diabetes

type II diabetes

increasing the xray tube kv will result in increasing the number of xray photons produced decreasing the number of xray photons produced increasing the energy of xray photons produced decreasing the energy of xray photons produced

increasing the energy of xray photons produced

which of the following insulin preparations has the shortest serum half-life? lente insulin semilente insulin neutral protamine hagedorn insulin regular insulin

regular insulin

the small deviation away from a true 180 degree path that annihilation photons take is called photon energy range photon non-collinearity lepton number photon collinearity

photon non-collinearity

the 2010 guidelines for CPR recommended a change in the BLS sequence of steps from ABC (airway, breathing, chest compressions) to airway, chest compressions, breathing breathing, chest compressions, airway chest compressions, airway, breathing chest compressions, breathing, airway

chest compressions, airway, breathing

the process of applying a kernel to the raw data is called fourier transformation convolution retrospective recon windowing

convolution

in order to avoid any false-positive results, pet or pet/ct scans should be performed 1-2 weeks after the last cycle of chemo 2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo 4-6 weeks after the last cycle of chemo 6-8 weeks after the last cycle of chemo

2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo

focal increased fdg activity in the lungs is considered abnormal if it is greater than activity in myocardial wall liver mediastinal soft tissues thyroid

mediastinal soft tissues

hypoxia-mediated aggressive tumor behavior and resistance to therapy is mediated by the hypoxia inducible transcription factor called HIF-1 choline integrin CD-20

HIF-1

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