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PET Study Guide > practice test 2 > Flashcards

practice test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

which of the following cardiac imaging studies deliver the highest estimated effective radiation dose?

Rb82 rest and stress
calcium scoring
N13 ammonia rest and stress
O15 water rest and stress

A

Rb82 rest and stress

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2
Q

quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what they should be called is the partial volume effect. which of the following statements describing this is true?

pve is more prominent in smaller tumor
pve is more prominent in metastatic tumor
pve is less prominent in tumor in situ
pve is less prominent in bigger tumor

A

pve is more prominent in smaller tumor

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3
Q

truncation is the source of streaking artifacts at the edge of the CT image. the presence of these artifacts

overestimates the attenuation coefficients

produces image misregistration

underestimates the attenuation coefficients

necessitates use of shielding

A

overestimates the attenuation coefficients

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4
Q

all of the following are the most commonly seen artifacts on PET/CT images except

respiratory motion
partial-volume effect
truncation
contrast medium

A

partial-volume effect

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5
Q

the inverse of the mean distance traveled by photons before they deposit energy in the crystal is called

the stopping power
energy resolution
the decay constant
the light output

A

the stopping power

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6
Q

post-processing measures such as scaling, segmentation, or a combination of the two has been used in the PET/CT systems in order to

correct for scatter coincidences

convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET

correct for random coincidences

convert PET emission data to the CT attenuation coefficients

A

convert the CT attenuation coefficients to those corresponding in PET

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7
Q

the recon method in which the comparison is made between the numerical projection data and the measured projection data in a feedback loop is called

filtered back projection

iterative reconstruction

ordered-subset expectation maximization

maximum likelihood-expectation maximization

A

iterative reconstruction

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8
Q

which of the following statements describing the role of PET in the diagnostic work-up of patients with melanoma is false?

PET is a standard modality in evaluation of recurrent melanoma

melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET

PET is most valuable in stage III disease

PET is more accurate for systemic staging than regional staging

A

melanin content influences lesion detectability by PET

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9
Q

according to the practice of medicine and pharmacy laws, all the clinical FDG PET imaging work is complete by prescription by a physician and dispensing by registered

nurse
radiologist
pharmacist
nuclear medicine physician

A

pharmacist

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10
Q

the temporal improvement in contractile function of a dysfunctional myocardial region after restoration of blood flow describes

myocardial infarction
myocardial viability
diastolic dysfunction
systolic dysfunction

A

myocardial viability

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11
Q

linear attenuation coefficient determines the scintillator

stopping power
energy resolution
decay constant
light output

A

stopping power

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12
Q

administration/consumption of which of the following before FDG dosing will decrease uptake of the rpx by brown adipose tissue?

ephedrine
propanolol
caffeine
nicotine

A

propanolol

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13
Q

the breathing protocols applied during PET/CT acquisition, ex respiratory gating, the breath-hold at inspiration protocol, and the shallow breathing protocol are utilized to eliminate

truncation artifacts
misregistration artifacts
contrast media artifacts
streaking artifacts

A

misregistration artifacts

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14
Q

in which of the following clinical circumstances is the application of SUV most likely to be useless?

prognosis of the disease
diagnosis of the disease
staging of the disease
therapy monitoring of the disease

A

staging of the disease

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15
Q

which of the following scintillators is commercially available in TOF PET imaging?

GSO
BaF2
BGO
LYSO

A

LYSO

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16
Q

administration of water-equivalent contrast agent when performing PET/CT imaging

underestimates SUV
overestimates SUV
does not affect SUV
produces streaking artifacts

A

does not affect SUV

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17
Q

a state of chronically reduced contractility in viable myocardial tissue, caused by prolonged or repetitive reductions in myocardial flow, is called

scarred myocardium
ischemic myocardium
stunned myocardium
hibernating myocardium

A

hibernating myocardium

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18
Q

the 2010 CPR and ECC of AHA recommend in adults a compression depth of at least

1 in
1.5 in
2 in
2.5 in

A

2 in

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19
Q

if a truncated CT scan is used for the attenuation correction of a larger transaxial FOV PET scan, the activity estimates outside the CT FOV will be

underestimated
overestimated
unchanged
equal to 0

A

underestimated

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20
Q

a global reduction in the brain function assessed by FDG uptake is observed in

dementia
parkinson’s disease
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

A

hypothyroidism

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21
Q

medicare reimbursement for PET FDG myocardial viability imaging is available in all of the following settings except

primary diagnosis
following an inconclusive SPECT
initial diagnosis
following an inconclusive CCTA

A

following an inconclusive CCTA

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22
Q

the histological presence of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the cerebral cortex defines

parkinson’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
dementia
glioma

A

alzheimers’ disease

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23
Q

in the typical PET/CT acquisition, the CT component is performed as

a non-contrast low radiation dose scan
a non-contrast high radiation dose scan
high radiation dose scan with contrast
low radiation dose scan with contrast

A

a non-contrast low radiation dose scan

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24
Q

ovarian uptake of FDG in a postmenopausal patient indicates

a normal finding
malignancy
pregnancy
ovulating ovary

A

malignancy

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25
Q

which of the following rpx has been developed as the PET tracer to measure a cell proliferation rate?

F18 fluoride
C11 pittsburg compound
C11 acetate
F18 fluorothymidine

A

F18 fluorothymidine

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26
Q

an area of focal FDG uptake in the lungs, without corresponding finding on the CT scan, can be caused by all of the following except

an injected blood clot
motion artifact
pulmonary infarction
contamination

A

pulmonary infarction

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27
Q

the main stream of xray photons generated in the xray tube is described as

braking radiation
characteristic radiation
compton scattering
attenuation photons

A

braking radiation

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28
Q

a group of ROIs through planes, which define a 3D region of relevance, is called

volume of interest
MIP
multiplanar reconstruction
dose uptake ratio

A

volume of interest

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29
Q

coincidence events registered in PET acquisition and defined as prompt counts include

true and scatter events
scatter and randoms
true and randoms
true, scatter, and randoms

A

true, scatter, and randoms

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30
Q

an analytic reconstruction algorithm that assigns the values in the projection to all points along the line of acquisition through the image plane from which they were acquired is known as

filtered back projection
back projection
iterative reconstruction
filtering

A

back projection

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31
Q

qc testing for PET agents that involves decay analysis in a dose calibrator for a defined period of time is called

specific activity analysis
radiochemical purity
radionuclide identity
bacterial endotoxin testing

A

radionuclide identity

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32
Q

the following are examples of oral hypoglycemic drugs except

metformin
glyburide
dicumarol
chlorpropamide

A

dicumarol

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33
Q

decreased myocardial blood flow combined with decreased myocardial glucose metabolism indicates the presence of

normal viable myocardium
nonviable myocardium
stunned myocardium
hibernating myocardium

A

nonviable myocardium

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34
Q

the parietal lobe of the brain is located behind the frontal lobe and controls

auditory info
visual info
smell sensation
tactile sensation

A

tactile sensation

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35
Q

the PET scanner qc procedure in which data are used to compensate for the variation in efficiency in each LOR in the sinogram is called

normalization
calibration
blank scan
attenuation correction

A

normalization

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36
Q

the following statements correctly describe the SUV in reconstructed PET images except

quantitative accuracy for data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D

emission data require correction for the presence of random coincidences

the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D

emission data require correction for the presence of scatter coincidences

A

the background noise in data acquired in 2D is higher than that in 3D

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37
Q

the total attenuation is the sum of the attenuation due to different types of interactions and includes all of the following except

the photoelectric effect
compton scattering
pair production
bremsstrahlung radiation

A

bremsstrahlung radiation

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38
Q

if the collected data follow a gaussian distribution, 68% of gathered values will be within

one standard deviation
two SD
three SD
mean +/-10

A

one SD

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39
Q

the parameter of the CT scanner defined as the ratio of the table speed per gantry rotation to the total xray beam width is called

pitch
bed
ring
hybrid

A

pitch

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40
Q

a substitution radioactive for nonradioactive element in a biologically active PET tracer molecule without altering its biologic properties is called

hot-for-hot substitution
cold-for-hot sub
hot-for-cold sub
cold-for-cold sub

A

hot-for-cold sub

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41
Q

F18 fluoroestradiol was developed as the PET tracer to assess

membrane synthesis
estrogen receptor
hypoxia extent
protein synthesis

A

estrogen receptor

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42
Q

how many atoms disintegrating per second are measured by one becquerel?

1000
100
10
1

A

1

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43
Q

which of the following statements describing properties of the survey meters routinely used in the NM department is false?

a cutie-pie counter is an ionization chamber

a GM counter is used for low-level surveys

a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate

a cutie-pie output is proportional to the total energy deposited

A

a GM counter output is proportional to the exposure rate

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44
Q

the accessory organs of the digestive system include the

esophagus
stomach
liver
small intestine

A

liver

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45
Q

a linear transformation of the initial attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water and the radiodensity of air at STP is equal to 0 and -1000 accordingly is called

hounsfield unit scale
attenuation coefficient
partial voluming
beam hardening

A

hounsfield unit scale

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46
Q

the capacity to overlay data from distinct sources that will map a pixel from one source into a pixel from the other is called

image attenuation
image registration
filtering
rebinning

A

image registration

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47
Q

two photons arising from two annihilation events and detected within each others’ coincidence window are

true coincidences
random events
scatter coincidences
single events

A

random events

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48
Q

the dose calibrator qc procedure performed with different sealed radionuclides is called

geometry
accuracy
linearity
constancy

A

accuracy

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49
Q

which of the following radionuclides commonly used in PET imaging has the lowest positron range in water?

C11
N13
O15
F18

A

F18

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50
Q

the cotswold system applies to both hodgkin’s disease and non-hodgkin’s lymphoma and divides them into

2 stages
4 stages
6 stages
8 stages

A

4 stages

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51
Q

when handling a minor radioactive spill, the tech should perform the following sequence of events

decontaminate personnel, survey the area, notify a supervisor

write up report, contain the spill, notify the RSO

clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill

decontaminate personnel, clear the area, write up report

A

clear the area, notify a supervisor, contain the spill

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52
Q

which of the following histopathological types of gastric carcinoma is associated with low FDG uptake?

tubular carcinoma
papillary carcinoma
signet cell carcinoma
metastatic adenocarcinoma

A

signet cell carcinoma

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53
Q

which of the following scintillators commonly used in PET has the highest light output?

LSO
BaF2
BGO
GSO

A

LSO

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54
Q

low carb and a high protein diet favor the metabolism of

carbs
ketones
amino acids
fatty acids

A

amino acids

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55
Q

the energy of the xray photons produced by the CT xray tube is controlled by the

tube voltage (kV)
temp of the anode
tube current (mA)
temp of the cathode

A

tube voltage (kV)

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56
Q

urinary bladder catheterization prior to PET imaging might be required for patients diagnosed with

pulmonary nodule
brain tumor
melanoma
uterine carcinoma

A

uterine carcinoma

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57
Q

which of the following statements describing FDG uptake in gallbladder/biliary tract is false?

no uptake is observed in normal gb wall

gb wall uptake is seen in acute cholecystitis

focal gb uptake is observed in gb carcinoma

cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions

A

cholestasis can cause false-negative liver lesions

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58
Q

in the process of differentiation between residual viable or recurrent tumor and radiation necrosis in patients with treated primary or metastatic CNS brain tumor, absence of FDG uptake in the region of interest indicates

brain tumor
brain tumor and radiation necrosis
radiation necrosis
neither brain tumor nor radiation necrosis

A

radiation necrosis

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59
Q

which of the following statements describing the clinical utility of PET/CT FDG imaging vs PET FDG imaging is false?

with CT has less of a tendency toward upstaging of patients than PET alone

with CT correctly downstages a number of patients compared with PET alone

with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone

with CT is found to be more accurate for staging than PET alone

A

with CT has more false-positive findings than PET alone

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60
Q

what sign should be posted in an area accessible to personnel in which a major portion of the body of a person could receive a dose in excess of 100 mr/hr?

radioactive materials
radiation area
high radiation area
airborne radioactivity area

A

high radiation area

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61
Q

the three main divisions of the large intestine are the

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
cecum, colon, and rectum
cecum, colon, and ileum
duodenum, jejunum, and rectum

A

cecum, colon, and rectum

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62
Q

the following methods are employed in the quantitative FDG studies except

tumor-to-background ratios
signal-to-noise-ratios
SUV
full kinetic analysis

A

signal-to-noise-ratios

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63
Q

a group of naturally occurring glycoproteins that regulate the production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells are called

mucins
immunoglobulins
colony-stimulating factors
thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

colony-stimulating factors

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64
Q

pet images that are distinguished by “hot skin” and the manifestation of the lungs with high tracer uptake and the low tracer concentrations in the mediastinum are

NAC images
AC images
MIP images
AC or NAC images

A

NAC images

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65
Q

the pharmacologic effect of dipyridamole or adenosine can be reversed by the administration of

propanolol
valium
aminophylline
nitroglycerine

A

aminophylline

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66
Q

which of the following statements describing different methods of SUV normalization is false?

SUV can be normalized to total body mass

SUV can be normalized to lean body mass

SUV can be normalized to body surface area

SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable

A

SUV normalization based on total body mass is the most dependable

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67
Q

the occipital lobe is located in the posterior part of the brain and is responsible for the processing of

auditory info
visual info
smell sensation
tactile sensation

A

visual info

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68
Q

which of the following histological types of thyroid carcinoma DOES NOT concentrate iodine?

classic papillary
classic follicular
papillary encapsulated
anaplastic

A

anaplastic

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69
Q

the energy imparted to a unit of mass of matter by ionizing radiation is measured in

rad
rem
curie
roentgen

A

rad

70
Q

N13 ammonia demonstrates extended myocardial retention, by staying metabolically trapped within the myocytes. this is due to

activity of the Na/K-ATPase pumps
binding to the mitochondrial complex
the glutamine synthetase pathway
glucose transporters activity

A

the glutamine synthetase pathway

71
Q

bilateral, symmetric decreased fdg uptake in the temporoparietal region of the brain is the prevailing pattern observed in

pick disease
vascular dementia
alzheimer’s disease
dementia with lewy bodies

A

alzheimer’s disease

72
Q

a clinically significant incidence of febrile neutropenia after myelosuppresive chemotherapy is a common indication for treatment with

erythropoietin
thrombopoietin
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

A

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

73
Q

according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, complete response to therapy is defined as a disappearance of all tumor foci for at least

1 week
2 weeks
4 weeks
8 weeks

A

4 weeks

74
Q

brain metabolism and blood flow are increased at the site of onset of the seizure in the

interictal state
intraictal state
inter and intraictal states
neither inter or intraictal states

A

intraictal state

75
Q

a type of beta decay in which a proton is converted to a neutron and the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino are released is called

positron emission
isomeric transition
electron capture
beta decay

A

positron emission

76
Q

which of the following tests is the basis of screening as well as a useful tool in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?

barium enema
occult blood testing
sigmoidoscopy
colonoscopy

A

colonoscopy

77
Q

reimbursable by the CMMS oncologic applications for pet scanning in lymphoma management include all of the following except

diagnosis
stagiing
therapy monitoring
restaging

A

therapy monitoring

78
Q

the excretion of ga68 DOTA-peptides is primarily through the

skin
bowel
gallbladder
kidney

A

kidney

79
Q

nigral degeneration and striatal dopamine deficiency are characteristic findings present in

parkinson’s disease
alzheimer’s disease
vascular dementia
ictal epilepsy

A

parkinson’s disease

80
Q

the difference in the detection times
between two coincidence photons that is used to determine most likely location of the annihilation event along LOR is applied in

hybrid imaging
TOF imaging
image coregistration
scatter correction

A

TOF imaging

81
Q

the single most important prognostic factor in patients with colon cancer is/are

metastases to regional lymph nodes
the location of the carcinoma
the size of the lesion
coexisting diseases

A

metastases to regional lymph nodes

82
Q

extending the axial FOV of the scanner to cover the patient more in a single-bed position results in

increased sensitivity
decreased rates of scatter
decreased rates of randoms
increased resolution

A

increased sensitivity

83
Q

which of the following is the most common risk factor for colorectal cancer?

smoking
drinking
family hx
uncontrolled diabetes

A

family hx

84
Q

a pencil shape, fan shape, and a cone shape are common terms used in radiography to describe

CT detectors arrangements
CT detectors properties
xray beam
xray tube

A

xray beam

85
Q

a normal endometrial uptake with f18 fdg is most commonly seen

during ovulation
during menstruation
a few days before the menstrual flow
a few days after the menstrual flow

A

during menstruation

86
Q

f18 flurpiridaz is a pet imaging tracer that has been explored in patients with

lymphoma
malignant melanoma
coronary artery disease
non-small cell carcinoma

A

coronary artery disease

87
Q

a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus is called

average man
average worker
reference man
reference worker

A

reference worker

88
Q

diaphragmatic crus f18 fdg uptake can be seen in patients with

tachycardia
increased respiratory effort
anxiety
excessive sweating

A

increased respiratory effort

89
Q

in the test-retest setting, the reproducibility of quantitative pet parameters depends mainly on

roi and lesion size
glucose correlation factors
the recon method
body weight correction factors

A

roi and lesion size

90
Q

the recommended time interval necessary to avoid increased fdg uptake in the spleen and bone marrow after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy is at least

1 day
1 week
10 days
4 weeks

A

10 days

91
Q

with regard to nodal lesions detection in patients with lymphoma, NAC pet images are superior to AC pet images in evaluating

deeply seated nodal lesions
superficial nodal lesions
anteriorly seated nodal lesions
posterior nodal lesions

A

superficial nodal lesions

92
Q

segmental colon activity on fdg scan suggests

colon carcinoma
colon polyp
colon inflammation
colon metastases

A

colon inflammation

93
Q

which of the following preparations can be used if IV hydration before fdg imaging is indicated?

dextrose
lactose
normal saline
amino acids

A

normal saline

94
Q

the pattern of diffuse hypermetabolism in the skeleton and spleen on fdg scan is most likely caused by

prolonged fasting
bone metastases
bone marrow hyperplasia
excessive exercise

A

bone marrow hyperplasia

95
Q

which of the following radionuclides can be used in pet/ct imaging to image the extent of disease in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma?

I131
F18
C11
I124

A

I124

96
Q

decontamination must be performed if a wiped area exceeds

2 dpm/100cm2
20 dpm/100cm2
200 dpm/100cm2
2000 dpm/100cm2

A

200 dpm/100cm2

97
Q

how will increasing the administered activity influence the scatter-to-true ratio?

the scatter-to-true ratio will stay the same
the ratio will increase
the ratio will decrease
the ratio will decrease or increase

A

the ratio will stay the same

98
Q

nac images can be differentiated from ac images by the presence of all of the following except

high noise
high skin activity
high lung activity
low deep structures activity

A

high noise

99
Q

if the pretest probability of a disease is low, then a positive pet is more likely to be

false negative
false positive
true negative
true positive

A

false positive

100
Q

fdg uptake in tumors such as lipoma, neurofibroma, and desmoid tumor is best described as

absent
low
variable
high

A

low

101
Q

a collaboration of the american college of radiology imaging network, the american college of radiology, and the academy of molecular imaging to ensure access to medicare reimbursement for certain types of pet scans is called

the national oncologic pet registry

the centers for medicare and medicaid services program

acr accreditation program

acr appropriateness criteria for imaging

A

the national oncologic pet registry

102
Q

the normal parathyroid glands on fdg imaging are

not visualized
visualized but asymmetrical in appearance
visualized and symmetrical in appearance
visualized only if thyroid gland is present

A

not visualized

103
Q

the amount of radioactivity found in matter is measured in

rad
rem
curie
roentgen

A

curie

104
Q

elevated fdg activity observed on a pet scan performed further than 6 months after completion of radiation therapy most likely represents

tumor recurrence
radiation necrosis
flare phenomenon
benign finding

A

tumor reccurence

105
Q

stage IV of the cotswold system is identified when

the cancer affects lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm

the cancer spreads to extranodal sites

the cancer has only affected one lymph node region or organ

the cancer is either above or below the diaphragm

A

the cancer spreads to extranodal sites

106
Q

selected tumors with low/variable fdg uptake include all of the following except

prostate carcinoma
mucinous adenocarcinoma
renal cell carcinoma
non-small cell lung carcinoma

A

non-small cell lung carcinoma

107
Q

pet and pet/ct have the highest sensitivity for the detection of

abdominal and pelvic lymph node involvement

peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement

head and neck lymph node involvement

bone involvement

A

peripheral and thoracic lymph node involvement

108
Q

which of the following statements describing the usefulness of pet imaging in colorectal cancer is false?

fdg pet is useful for detecting both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases

fdg pet is helpful in detecting nodal involvement

fdg pet can differentiate local recurrence from scarring after radiation therapy

fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients

A

fdg pet has no influence on surgical management of patients

109
Q

if two compton scattered photons add up simultaneously in the detector and the resultant peak falls within the window these events are called

randoms
pulse pileups
dead-time loss
attenuation

A

pulse pileups

110
Q

visceral functions, body temp, and behavioral responses are controlled by

the limbic system
thalamus
hypothalamus
cerebellum

A

hypothalamus

111
Q

fdg pet imaging of malignant mesotheliomas has been explored in all of the following clinical settings except

evaluation of benign vs malignant pleural disease

radiotherapy planning

assessment of intrathoracic disease extent

monitoring metabolic response to therapy

A

radiotherapy planning

112
Q

the radiation sensitivity of a tissue is proportional to the

degree of cell differentiation
distance from the source of radiation
time of radiation exposure
rate of cell proliferation

A

rate of cell proliferation

113
Q

signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include all of the following except

sweating
palpitations
confusion
hyperthermia

A

hyperthermia

114
Q

process in which positional information is gained from a coincidence event assigned to a LOR joining the two relevant detectors is called

electronic registration
rebinning
electronic collimation
filtering

A

electronic collimation

115
Q

if one were scanning a tumor that was found in the liver, the signal would be defined as the difference between the tumor and surrounding tissue, while the noise would be the standard deviation of the signal level within

the tumor
the surrounding tissue
the background
the whole image

A

the tumor

116
Q

increasing the xray tube current (mA) will result in

increase in the number of xray photons produced

decrease in the number of xray photons produced

increase in the energy of xray photons produced

decrease in the energy of the xray photons produced

A

increase in the number of xray photons produced

117
Q

metabolic, positron-emitter rpxs used in the diagnosis of NETs, include pet tracers that allow investigating all of the following metabolic pathways except

amine production and storage mechanism
catecholamine transport
cholesterol metabolic pathway
serotonin production pathway

A

cholesterol metabolic pathway

118
Q

the benefit of 3d acquisition when compared to 2d is that the sensitivity of the scanner is improved by a factor of

2-4
4-6
6-12
12-24

A

4-6

119
Q

the type of study where a given agent does not pass through a tissue bed but accumulates progressively in the organ of study is called

perfusion study
bolus study
wash-in study
wash-out study

A

wash-in study

120
Q

fdg uptake in primary lesions is a direct function of all of the following except

cellular proliferation
cellular apoptosis
number of cancer cells
expression of GLUT receptors

A

cellular apoptosis

121
Q

the sealed sources inventory and leak test should be performed

weekly
monthly
every 6 months
annually

A

every 6 months

122
Q

the sensitivity of a pet scanner operating in 3d mode

is equal across the fov
is highest in the axial center of the gantry
rises up toward the periphery
is the same as the sensitivity of 2d

A

is highest in the axial center of the gantry

123
Q

primary applications of pet and pet/ct in brain imaging include all of the following except

differentiation of dementias
evaluation of primary brain tumors
evaluation of brain injuries
evaluation of seizure foci

A

evaluation of brain injuries

124
Q

a detailed specification standard for the exchange of digital images and data between imaging devices is called

pacs
dicom
dac
nema

A

dicom

125
Q

a direct-acting inotropic agent that increases myocardial contractility in a dose-dependent manner is called

adenosine
dipyridamole
dobutamine
aminophylline

A

dobutamine

126
Q

the recon method incorporating the compensation for broadening of psf with increasing distance from the center of the scanner is called

orindary poisson (OP-OSEM)
attenuation-weighted OSEM (AW-OSEM)
high-definition PET
fourier rebinning

A

high-definition pet

127
Q

all of the following statements describing the features of pet and spect are correct except

pet imaging has higher sensitivity than spect imaging

spect resolution is limited by technology

pet resolution is limited by positron range and photon non-collinearity

spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides

A

spect imaging can utilize higher doses of radionuclides

128
Q

all of the following statements correctly describe fdg pet imaging when compared with ga67 imaging except

fdg pet is a 1 day procedure vs 2-7 days for ga67 imaging

fdg pet has superior spatial resolution to that of ga67 imaging

fdg pet is particularly useful in the follow-up of non-gallium-avid lymphoma scintigraphy

fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging

A

fdg pet has much more radiation exposure to patients than that of ga67 imaging

129
Q

the x-axis of the data plotted on pet sinogram represents

the angle of orientation of the lor

the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry

the window of coincidence of the lor

displacement of the lor from the center of the fov

A

the shift of the lor from the center of the gantry

130
Q

the diagnostic performance of fdg pet in the staging of patients with lymphoma is approximated as

sensitivity 90% and specificity 50%
sensitivity 50% and specificity 50%
sensitivity 50% and specificity 91%
sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%

A

sensitivity 90% and specificity 91%

131
Q

all of the following statements describing the epidemiology of breast cancer are true except

breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women

approximately 1 in 9 women will have breast cancer during their lifetime

the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years

the ratio of female to male breast cancer is approximately 100:1

A

the overall mortality from breast cancer has increased in recent years

132
Q

which of the following diagnosis should be considered first in patients presented with signs or symptoms related to nodal enlargement, and/or with other disease associated indicators, such as fevers or night sweats?

multiple myeloma
lymphoma
lung carcinoma
sarcoma

A

lymphoma

133
Q

fibroadenoma, gynecomastia, and ductal hyperplasia/adenoma are

breast cancers

breast benign lesions

breast cancer metastatic lesions

breast chemo/radiotherapy induced inflammation

A

breast benign lesions

134
Q

a neoplastic disease of adipose tissue is called

lipoma
osteosarcoma
liposarcoma
chondrosarcoma

A

liposarcoma

135
Q

the most important clinical tool in evaluating patients with suspected seizures is

mri
emg
eeg
pet

A

eeg

136
Q

all of the following novel pet probes have been showing promising results in malignant pleural mesothelioma evaluation except

f18 fluorothymidine
f18 fluoromisonidazole
f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone
c11 methionine

A

f18 fluoro-dihydrotestosterone

137
Q

f18 fdg focal uptake seen 6 months after completion of radiation therapy should be considered as

tumor recurrence
normal findings
radiation necrosis
radiation pneumonitis

A

tumor recurrence

138
Q

a naturally occurring cyclic neuropeptide that inhibits several physiologic functions such as neurotransmission, the secretion of growth hormones, gastric acid production, gi motility, and insulin secretion is called

cortisol
epinephrine
somatostatin
norepinephrine

A

somatostatin

139
Q

the posterior association cortex hypometabolism involving the posterior lateral, temporal lateral, and medial parietal and posterior cingulate cortices on fdg pet images is reliable and an accurate finding for identifying

parkinson’s disease
dementia
radiation necrosis
alzheimer’s disease

A

alzheimer’s disease

140
Q

f18 fdg uptake in fracture should normalize within

1 week
1 month
3 months
6 months

A

3 months

141
Q

the most common reaction to produce f18 as fluoride ion (f – -18) is based on proton bombardment of

Ne20 (neon gas)
O18 (oxygen enriched water)
Ne18 (neon gas)

A

O18 (oxygen enriched water)

142
Q

the geometric efficiency of the pet scanner depends on all of the following except

the diameter of the ring

distance between the source and the detector

height of the table

number of detectors in the ring

A

height of the table

143
Q

a drug that reduces the metabolism of endogenous adenosine by inhibiting the enzyme called adenosine deaminase is called

nitroglycerine
dipyridamole
propanolol
aminophylline

A

dipyridamole

144
Q

the advantages of positron emission mammography over whole body pet include all of the following except

improvement in lesion detectability
increase in the quantitative accuracy
expansion of the staging capabilities
improved delineating of the lesion

A

expansion of the staging capabilities

145
Q

what type of receptors is highly expressed on NET cells?

cortisol receptors
epinephrine receptors
somatostatin receptors
norepinephrine receptors

A

somatostatin receptors

146
Q

laryngeal fdg uptake

is absent on normal scans

is more pronounced if patient speaks after the scan completion

it can have an inverted T appearance

may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis

A

may be asymmetrical secondary to vocal cord paralysis

147
Q

a pet fdg scan performed in patients with esophagitis or barrett esophagus can exhibit increased uptake and will be classified as a

false negative study
true negative study
false positive study
true positive study

A

false positive study

148
Q

the presence of intense fdg activity with a distribution that is not consistent with the site of surgery indicates the presence of

infarction
foreign body
infection
artifact

A

infection

149
Q

the brain energy production depends solely on

anaerobic glycolysis
aerobic glycolysis
free fatty acids
phosphocreatine

A

aerobic glycolysis

150
Q

the number of counts per unit time detected by the device for each unit of activity present in a source is defined as

mean suv
scanner resolution
scanner sensitivity
scanner reproducibility

A

scanner sensitivity

151
Q

the total uptake of the injected dose of fdg in the brain is approximately

3%
6%
9%
12%

A

6%

152
Q

physical property of the contrast media described as the measurement of the number of molecules and particles in a solution per kg of water is called

osmolality
solubility
viscosity
integrity

A

osmolality

153
Q

the most frequently used clinical myocardial perfusion pet agent is

f18 fdg
tc99m sestamibi
rb82
o15 water

A

rb82

154
Q

which of the following statements describing the characteristics of pulmonary nodules when differentiating benign from malignant lesions is false?

the presence of cancer in small nodules is lower than in large nodules

benign nodules typically show a well-defined smooth and round contour

the presence of calcification in a pulmonary nodule increases the probability of a benign cause

benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days

A

benign nodules typically have a volumetric doubling time range of 20 to 300 days

155
Q

a vacuum tube that accelerates electrons against dynodes of increasing electric charge to amplify their signal is called

photomultiplier tube
xray tube
photocathode
digital-analog converter

A

photomultiplier tube

156
Q

brain metabolism and blood flow are decreased at the site of onset of the seizure in the

interictal state
intraictal state
inter and intraictal states
neither inter or intraictal states

A

interictal state

157
Q

when the septa are removed, and coincidences are recorded between detectors lying in any ring combination the data are acquired

in hybrid mode
in 2d mode
in 3d mode
in 4d mode

A

in 3d mode

158
Q

epinephrine administered by iv bolus in patients with cardiac arrest will

induce bradycardia
increase aortic diastolic blood pressure
produce marked hypotension
prevent tachyarrhythmia

A

increase aortic diastolic blood pressure

159
Q

physical property of the contrast media is described as thickness or friction of fluid as it flows is called

osmolality
solubility
viscosity
integrity

A

viscosity

160
Q

posttraumatic breast hematoma, ruptured breast implant, and changes around breast prosthesis can lead to

false positive results in pet/ct scanning
false negative
true negative
true positive

A

false positive results in pet/ct scanning

161
Q

sources of false positive pet fdg results in lung cancer imaging include all of the following except

inflammatory pseudotumor
histoplasmosis
bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
sarcoidosis

A

bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

162
Q

which of the following pet/ct scanning protocols delivers the lowest radiation dose to the patient?

topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg

topogram, diagnostic ct with contrast, 370 mbq fdg

topogram, low dose ct, 300 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca

topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg, diagnostic ct with ca

A

topogram, low dose ct, 370 mbq fdg

163
Q

a 60 y/o woman with concomitant obesity and a strong family hx of diabetes whose sugar level is well controlled with metformin (glucophage) is most likely to be diagnosed with

type I diabetes
type II diabetes
gestational diabetes
malnutrition diabetes

A

type II diabetes

164
Q

increasing the xray tube kv will result in

increasing the number of xray photons produced

decreasing the number of xray photons produced

increasing the energy of xray photons produced

decreasing the energy of xray photons produced

A

increasing the energy of xray photons produced

165
Q

which of the following insulin preparations has the shortest serum half-life?

lente insulin
semilente insulin
neutral protamine hagedorn insulin
regular insulin

A

regular insulin

166
Q

the small deviation away from a true 180 degree path that annihilation photons take is called

photon energy range
photon non-collinearity
lepton number
photon collinearity

A

photon non-collinearity

167
Q

the 2010 guidelines for CPR recommended a change in the BLS sequence of steps from ABC (airway, breathing, chest compressions) to

airway, chest compressions, breathing
breathing, chest compressions, airway
chest compressions, airway, breathing
chest compressions, breathing, airway

A

chest compressions, airway, breathing

168
Q

the process of applying a kernel to the raw data is called

fourier transformation
convolution
retrospective recon
windowing

A

convolution

169
Q

in order to avoid any false-positive results, pet or pet/ct scans should be performed

1-2 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
4-6 weeks after the last cycle of chemo
6-8 weeks after the last cycle of chemo

A

2-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemo

170
Q

focal increased fdg activity in the lungs is considered abnormal if it is greater than activity in

myocardial wall
liver
mediastinal soft tissues
thyroid

A

mediastinal soft tissues

171
Q

hypoxia-mediated aggressive tumor behavior and resistance to therapy is mediated by the hypoxia inducible transcription factor called

HIF-1
choline
integrin
CD-20

A

HIF-1

PET Study Guide (19 decks)

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