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PET Study Guide > chapter 10 > Flashcards

chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

mucinous, carcinoid, and bronchial alveolar carcinoma are examples of what kind of tumor?

metabolically active
metabolically weak
aggressive
rare

A

metabolically weak

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2
Q

what is a technique that can be used to detect metabolically weak tumors?

A

reviewing the NAC images

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3
Q

breast cancer tumor marker

A

CA 15-3 or CA 27.29, CEA, ER/PR, HER2/neu antigen

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4
Q

colorectal cancer tumor marker

A

CEA

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5
Q

heptocellular cancer tumor marker

A

AFP

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6
Q

melanoma tumor marker

A

LDH, S-100

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7
Q

multiple myeloma tumor marker

A

beta2-microglobulin

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8
Q

ovarian cancer tumor marker

A

CA-125

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9
Q

pancreatic cancer tumor marker

A

CA19-9

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10
Q

prostate cancer tumor marker

A

PSA

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11
Q

testicular cancer tumor marker

A

AFP, hCG, LDH

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12
Q

describe the nature of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

high chance of recovery, systemic spread mostly above the diaphragm, mets to bone marrow, liver, lungs, affects adolescents and young adults

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13
Q

describe the nature of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

more common, manifests as B-cell disease, spreads in a less systemic fashion, more extranodal involvement, higher incidence in adults

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14
Q

describe the nature of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

A

is a class of NHL, common in young adults, can be classified further as mycosis fungoides, sezary syndrome, others

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15
Q

what special scan parameters should be utilized when scanning patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas?

A

perform WB PET scan with arms above the head

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15
Q

describe the nature of myeloma

A

more common in men, people > 60 y/o, patients experience bone pain, anemia, fatigue

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15
Q

soft tissue lymphomas or high-grade NHL can be restaged as early as __________ after chemotherapy

2 days
1 week
1-3 weeks
4-6 weeks

A

1-3 weeks

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15
Q

the three stages of myeloma are based on what three things?

A

levels of M protein, RBCs, and calcium number of bony lesions

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15
Q

what special scan parameters should be utilized when scanning patients with myeloma?

A

arms down

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16
Q

leukemias are grouped into two different types of WBCs, which are called…

A

myeloid or lymphoid

17
Q

chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia primarily affect

people > 60 y/o
pediatrics
adolescents
adults

A

adults

18
Q

acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia occur in both

people > 60 y/o and adults
adults and adolescents
adults and children
children and infants

A

adults and children

19
Q

what is the type of cancer in which patients have a higher risk of developing a second primary?

head and neck cancer
leukemia
lymphoma
myeloma

A

head and neck cancer

20
Q

most head and neck cancers are _______ carcinomas

A

squamous cell

21
Q

name two risk factors associated with head and neck cancer

A

tobacco and alcohol use

22
Q

T/F: metastatic cancer of unknown primary is not covered by cms for initial treatment strategy

A

false

23
Q

describe the nature of cancer of unknown primary

A

slightly more common in men than women, presents in later stages of life, divided into 5 histologic categories after FNA

24
Q

define the five histologic classifications of cancer of unknown primary

A

adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, poorly differentiated neoplasm, squamous cell carcinoma

25
Q

describe the nature of thyroid cancer

A

more common in women, forms include papillary, follicular cell, hurthle cell, medullary, anaplastic

26
Q

what type of thyroid cancer develops from C cells?

anaplastic
papillary
follicular
medullary

A

medullary

27
Q

what is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer?

medullary
papillary
anaplastic
hurthle cell

A

anaplastic

28
Q

describe the nature of thymomas

A

extremely rare, occurs in adults between 40-60 y/o

29
Q

epithelial cells, lymphocytes, neuroendocrine cells, and kulchitsky cells are the main types of cells in the…

A

thymus

30
Q

T/F: NCCN details that PET imaging for thymomas is covered under insurance when patients have a mediastinal mass or are being evaluated for distant mets

A

false, PET imaging is considered optional

31
Q

describe the nature of esophageal cancer

A

affects men more than women, people > 65 y/o, involves squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas

32
Q

define the TNM staging system

A

T - primary tumor, levels 1-4

N - nodal disease. N0 = no nodal disease, N1 = regional nodal disease

M - metastases. M0 = no mets, M1 = demarcating mets

33
Q

what type of cancer has one of the highest mortality rates?

gastric cancer
brain cancer
skin cancer
lung cancer

A

lung cancer

34
Q

define the nature of NSCLC

A

more common than SCLC, spreads more slowly, can be squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, BAC

35
Q

name four organs NSCLC can metastasize to

A

liver, brain, bone, adrenal glands

36
Q

define the KRAS mutation analysis and its implications

A

identifies mutations in the KRAS gene to detect eligibility for therapies targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)

37
Q

define the nature of SCLC

A

grows faster than NSCLC, divided into limited or extensive disease stage; extensive involves mets and malignant pleural effusions

38
Q

a patient presents with a type of fast-growing cancer involving pleural effusions and mets to the liver and bone. what type of cancer do they have?

A

SCLC

39
Q

name four organs SCLC can metastasize to

A

liver, bone, brain, adrenal glands

40
Q

besides skin cancer, what is another from of cancer most common in women?

endometrial cancer
uterine cancer
breast cancer
cervical cancer

A

breast cancer

41
Q

name 4 organs breast cancer can metastasize to

A

brain, bone, lungs, liver

42
Q

T/F: the use of PET for diagnosing breast masses or for axillary nodal staging is not covered by insurance

A

true

43
Q

where do carcinoid tumors typically present?

A

appendix, small intestine, stomach, lung

44
Q
A
45
Q
A

PET Study Guide (19 decks)

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