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PET Study Guide > practice test 1 > Flashcards

practice test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the exposure rate of an activity of 1 mCi measured at 1 cm is called

roentgen man equivalent (MAN)
the exposure rate constant (ERC)
total effective dose equivalent (TEDE)
kilobecquerel (kBq)

A

the exposure rate constant (ERC)

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2
Q

quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what they should be called is

motion artifact
partial-volume effect
recovery coefficient
truncation artifact

A

partial-volume effect

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3
Q

truncation artifacts in PET/CT imaging are produced by

contrast medium
difference in size of FOV between PET and the CT
difference in scanning time between PET and the CT
beds overlapping

A

difference in size of FOV between PET and the CT

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4
Q

dental fillings, hip prosthetics, or chemotherapy port are examples of PET/CT imaging artifacts described as

truncation artifacts
motion artifacts
contrast medium artifacts
metallic implants artifacts

A

metallic implants artifacts

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5
Q

property of PET detectors that allows them faster timing signals for coincidence detection and to work at high count rates is called

the stopping power
energy resolution
the decay constant
the light output

A

the decay constant

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6
Q

the picturing, description, and measurement of biological processes at the particle and cellular level is known as

dynamic imaging
molecular imaging
static imaging
dual point imaging

A

molecular imaging

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7
Q

a PET system capacity to distinguish between two points after image reconstruction is called

contrast
resolution
attenuation
emissions

A

resolution

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8
Q

allergic reaction that begins with seconds/minutes of contrast medium administration and rapidly progresses to cause airway constriction, skin and intestinal irritation, and altered heart rhythms is called

urticaria
anaphylaxis
sepsis
infarction

A

anaphylaxis

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9
Q

the first PET radiopharmaceutical to receive FDA approval in 1989 was

Rb-82
F-18 fluoride
F-18 fdg
N-13 ammonia

A

Rb-82

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10
Q

the dose calibrator quality control procedure performed to assess the device’s ability to measure accurately a range of a low to high activities is called

geometry
accuracy
linearity
constancy

A

linearity

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11
Q

the following positron-emitting radionuclides are isotopes of natural elements present in most biochemical processes EXCEPT

O-15
F-18
C-11
N-13

A

F-18

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12
Q

two photons arising from the same annihilation event and detected by two detectors within the coincidence time-window are

true coincidences
random events
scatter coincidences
single events

A

true coincidences

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13
Q

which of the following serve as the building blocks for protein synthesis?

amino acids
phospholipids
enzymes
hormones

A

amino acids

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14
Q

positronium is an arrangement of

two positrons
two electrons
an electron and a positron
a positron and a neutrino

A

an electron and a positron

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15
Q

which of the following regions is the most common site of brown fat localization?

neck
mediastinum
paravertebral
perinephric

A

neck

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16
Q

which of the following scintillators commonly used in PET imaging has the highest stopping power?

LSO
BaF2
BGO
GSO

A

BGO

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17
Q

a malignant neoplasm of the skin linked with approximately 75% of skin cancer-related mortality is called

basal cell carcinoma
sarcoma
melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma

A

melanoma

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18
Q

PET tracers have demonstrated significant potential utility and application in the following clinical areas EXCEPT

oncology
cardiology
pulmonology
neurology

A

pulmonology

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19
Q

a dose of F18 FDG is calibrated to have 14 mCi at 1200pm. How many mCi will be remaining at 1240pm?

2.6 mCi
11 mCi
18 mCi
19.6 mCi

A

11 mCi

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20
Q

the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all the tissues and organs of the body is called

whole body dose
effective dose
committed dose equivalent
shallow dose equivalent

A

effective dose

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21
Q

the combined whole body effective dose for a clinically diagnostic PET/CT is typically in the range

< 10 mSv
10-20 mSv
20-30 mSv
> 30 mSv

A

20-30 mSv

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22
Q

the positron has the same mass as an electron and an electric charge of

-2
-1
0
+1

A

+1

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23
Q

the initial diagnosis of melanoma is established by

PET examination
CT examination
histologic evaluation
dermatologist evaluation

A

histologic evaluation

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24
Q

in PET scanning process raw data acquired and identified as coincidence events along their LOR are stored in the raw data format called

histograms
sinograms
dextrograms
pictograms

A

sinograms

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25
Q

which of the following is a cyclotron produced positron-emitting radionuclide?

copper-62
nitrogen-13
gallium-68
rubidium-82

A

nitrogen-13

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26
Q

a piece of equipment that sorts out photon of different radionuclides with different photon energies and to separate scattered photons from the useful ones is called

photomultiplier tube
pulse height analyzer
ADC converter
optical window

A

pulse height analyzer

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27
Q

DNA synthesis is a measure of cellular

apoptosis
mutation
proliferation
metabolism

A

proliferation

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28
Q

the F-18 fluoride bone uptake mechanism is similar to that of

F-18 FDG
Ga-68
Tc99m MDP
In-111

A

Tc99m MDP

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29
Q

the process by which new blood vessels ae formed is called

angiogenesis
embryogenesis
morphogenesis
organogenesis

A

angiogenesis

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30
Q

which of the following qc procedures are required for proper functioning of the survey meter?

calibration and linearity
geometry and constancy
calibration and constancy
linearity and geometry

A

calibration and constancy

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31
Q

the circle of willis is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the

heart
lungs
brain
liver

A

brain

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32
Q

the CT xray tube

detects the xray
produces the xray
shields from the xray
measures the xray

A

produces the xray

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33
Q

the radiodensity of distilled water at standard pressure and temperature (STP) on the houndsfield unit (HU) scale is equal to

-1 HU
0 HU
1 HU
10 HU

A

0 HU

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34
Q

the dose calibrator qc procedure testing a long-lived standard at each of the frequently used radionuclide settings is called

geometry
accuracy
linearity
constancy

A

constancy

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35
Q

which of the following radionuclides commonly used in PET imaging has the highest energy?

C-11
N-13
O-15
F-18

A

O-15

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36
Q

the PET scanner qc procedure in which data are used with the transmission data in the computation of attenuation correction factors is called

normalization
calibration
blank scan
attenuation correction

A

blank scan

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37
Q

the property of the scintillation detector described as the number of scintillations produced by each incident photon is called

the stopping power
energy resolution
the decay constant
the light output

A

the light output

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38
Q

which of the following compounds serves as a precursor for the synthesis of phospholipids?

thymidine
acetate
choline
tyrosine

A

choline

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39
Q

what is the percent error of the dose calibrator reading if a 4 ml reference volume (expected) of geometry test reads 2.8 mCi, and the actual reading obtained in 10 ml volume is 2.5 mCi?

12%
10.7%
-10.7%
-12%

A

10.7%

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40
Q

which of the following is the correct order of scanning when a typical PET/CT protocol is applied?

transmission CT, emission PET, topogram
transmission CT, topogram, emission PET
topogram, transmission CT, emission PET
emission PET, transmission CT, topogram

A

topogram, transmission CT, emission PET

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41
Q

presence of the non-collinearity of the annihilation photons and the finite positron range are inherent properties of the positron emission tomography resulting in

attenuation artifacts
positional inaccuracy
scatter
truncation

A

positional inaccuracy

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42
Q

which of the following positron-emitting nuclides has the shortest half-life?

Rb-82
O-15
N-13
C-11

A

Rb-82

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43
Q

the cathode filament of the xray tube

emits electrons
emits xrays
attracts electrons
detects xrays

A

emits electrons

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44
Q

an oncology patient referred for a PET scan should fast prior to their appointment for at least

12 hrs
8 hrs
4 hrs
2 hrs

A

4 hrs

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45
Q

daily qc checks on the PET scanner should be performed

after the last procedure
during the uptake phase
at the end of the day
before the patient is injected

A

before the patient is injected

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46
Q

patients with malignant melanoma should be scanned with their arms

down
crossed over the chest
up
beneath the patient

A

down

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47
Q

the presence of asbestos-related plaques, benign inflammatory pleuritis, tuberculosis pleuritis, and pleural effusion can result in

false-positive uptake in FDG-PET images of patients with malignant mesothelioma

true-positive uptake in FDG-PET images of patients with malignant mesothelioma

FDG PET attenuation artifacts

FDG-PET motion artifacts

A

false-positive uptake in FDG-PET images of patients with malignant mesothelioma

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48
Q

a 13 mCi dose of F-18 FDG is calibrated for 1200pm. if the patient comes an hour early, how many mCi will there be in the dose?

3.6 mCi
9 mCi
19 mCi
46 mCi

A

19 mCi

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49
Q

the earliest disposal of the decay-in-storage waste material is permitted if it was held for a minimum of 10 half-lives and has decayed to less than

background level
two times background levels
0.05 mR/hr
.5 mR/hr

A

two times background levels

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50
Q

organizing, problem solving, attention, and planning are controlled by the

frontal lobe of the brain
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe

A

frontal lobe

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51
Q

the recommended time interval for PET imaging after biopsy is

1 week
2-4 weeks
2-6 months
> 6 months

A

1 week

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52
Q

the example of the anatomic diagnostic modality employed in the work-up of the patient with seizures is

EEG
PET
MRI
SPECT

A

MRI

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53
Q

in the PET/CT acquisition the CT component is performed for

scatter correction
attenuation correction
motion correction
random correction

A

attenuation correction

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54
Q

a series of organized, involuntary, smooth waves of muscular contractions of the alimentary canal is called

diverticulosis
peristalsis
cramps
paralysis

A

peristalsis

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55
Q

SUV measurements are performed on

NAC images only
AC images only
NAC and AC images
AC images or NAC images

A

AC images only

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56
Q

which of the following PET nuclides has the longest half life?

F-18
O-15
N-13
C-11

A

F-18

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57
Q

false-negative PET scans in lung cancer imaging occur predominantly because of

lesions that are too big to be evaluated by PET
lesions that are too superficial to be evaluated by PET
lesions that are too small to be evaluated by PET
lesions that are too deep to be evaluated by PET

A

lesions that are too small to be evaluated by PET

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58
Q

the principal measure of reducing radiation exposure to patients during PET/CT examination is reduce the

peak kilovoltage
product of beam current and exposure time
beam current
product of beam current and peak kilovoltage

A

product of beam current and exposure time

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59
Q

a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to detect the presence or absence of occult regional nodal mets in patients without clinically noticeable nodal disease is called

lymphoscintigraphy
sentinel node scintigraphy
sentinel node biopsy
lymph node mapping

A

sentinel node biopsy

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60
Q

according to minimal performance standards, the FDG uptake period that is required to minimize variability in SUV quantification should be at least

30 min
45 min
60 min
75 min

A

60 min

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61
Q

lung activity observed on FDG PET/CT imaging

is more prominent on AC images
increases from the posterior to the anterior segments
increases from the inferior to the superior segments
is more prominent on non-AC images

A

is more prominent on non-AC images

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62
Q

which of the following methods, in clinical practice, is the most commonly applied to determine SUVs?

isocontour ROIs
manual ROIs
SUV max
SUV peak

A

SUV max

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63
Q

CT and PET scans demonstrate different aspects of disease indicating regions with

altered metabolism (PET) and areas of structural change (CT)
altered metabolism (CT) and areas of structural change (PET)
altered metabolism (PET) and areas of structural change (PET)
altered metabolism (CT) and areas of structural change (CT)

A

altered metabolism (PET) and areas of structural change (CT)

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64
Q

if the pretest probability of disease is high and the PET is negative, this is more likely to be

false negative
false positive
true negative
true positive

A

false negative

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65
Q

multiple focal cortical and subcortical defects on FDG study indicate diagnosis of

vascular dementia
alzheimer’s disease
parkinson’s disease
radiation necrosis

A

vascular dementia

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66
Q

the process of aligning images so that corresponding features can easily be related is called

image smoothing
image filtering
image registration
image processing

A

image registration

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67
Q

the NRC requires that all wipe tests be recorded in dpm. if 230 cpm were acquired with 86% well counter efficiency, what is the result of the wipe test in dpm?

37 dpm
198 dpm
267 dpm
344 dpm

A

267 dpm

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68
Q

the concept of clinical SPECT/CT systems can be described as

a single-headed scintillation camera positioned in front of a CT scanner

a dual-headed scintillation camera positioned in front of a CT scanner

a CT scanner positioned in front of a dual-headed scintillation camera

a CT scanner positioned in front of a single-headed scintillation camera

A

a dual-headed scintillation camera positioned in front of a CT scanner

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69
Q

a normal, physiologic uptake of F-18 FDG in the stomach can be described as

distal stomach uptake is higher than proximal stomach uptake
anterior stomach uptake is higher than posterior stomach uptake
proximal stomach uptake is higher than distal stomach uptake
posterior stomach uptake is higher than anterior stomach uptake

A

proximal stomach uptake is higher than distal stomach uptake

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70
Q

the recommended time interval for PET FDG imaging after chemotherapy is

1 week
> 10 days
2-6 months
> 6 months

A

> 10 days

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71
Q

an area of focal FDG uptake in the lungs, without corresponding finding on CT scan, most likely represents

pulmonary nodule
radiation necrosis
an injected blood clot
rib fracture

A

injected blood clot

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72
Q

a hyperinsulinemic state affects the diagnostic quality of FDG PET imaging and it is typically associated with

diffuse liver and spleen uptake
diffuse muscular and myocardial uptake
diffuse stomach and pancreatic uptake
diffuse brown fat and brain uptake

A

diffuse muscular and myocardial uptake

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73
Q

a group of lung diseases characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible is called

chronic bronchitis
emphysema
COPD
hospital acquired pneumonias

A

COPD

74
Q

which of the following scintillators has the highest light output?

LSO
NaI (Tl)
BGO
GSO

A

NaI (Tl)

75
Q

the main organs of the digestive system include

teeth
liver
pancreas
pharynx

A

pharynx

76
Q

F18 FDG PET is considered a superior modality, compared with CT, for evaluating posttreatment response in lymphoma patients because of

the ability to provide anatomic information

the ability to differentiate viable tumor from fibrosis

higher resolution

shorter imaging

A

the ability to differentiate viable tumor from fibrosis

77
Q

which of the following types of non-hodgkin lymphomas is most common?

burkitt’s lymphoma
lymphoblastic lymphoma
diffuse large B cell lymphoma
anaplastic large T cell/null cell lymphoma

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

78
Q

the major limitation of PET in the head and neck imaging is

poor sensitivity
poor spatial resolution
prolonged scanning time
radiation exposure

A

poor spatial resolution

79
Q

the most common cell type found in lymphoid tissue is

lymphocyte
stem cell
erythrocyte
monocyte

A

lymphocyte

80
Q

in order to receive precise attenuation correction data for transmission scan, they should be obtained using

low-dose CT
high-dose CT
germanium-68
cobalt-56

A

germanium-68

81
Q

hiatal hernias can cause large foci of increased F18 FDG uptake in/at

the hilar region
the gastroesophageal junction
the pyloric sphincter
the stomach fundus

A

the gastroesophageal junction

82
Q

the lymphoma that has come back after it has been treated is called

aggressive
intermittent
indolent
recurrent

A

recurrent

83
Q

the use of a low-dose CT scan in place of a conventional PET transmission scan

increases the scan duration

reduces confidence of the scan interpretation

decreases throughput

improves accuracy of the scan interpretation

A

improves accuracy of the scan interpretation

84
Q

one of the disadvantages of a nuclear medicine study over a PET FDG study in infection and inflammation imaging lies in its

low resolution
faster time to results
quantitation abilities
high sensitivity

A

low resolution

85
Q

dual time point FDG PET imaging is reflecting

the dynamics of lesion glucose metabolism

the dynamics of lesion growth

the dynamics of blood pool glucose clearance

the dynamics of blood pool activity

A

the dynamics of lesion glucose metabolism

86
Q

clinical stress perfusion studies with Rb82 are usually limited to pharmacologic stress because of Rb82’s

high kinetic energy
short half-life
positron range
high cost

A

short half-life

87
Q

image-guided transthoracic needle aspiration or biopsy can be achieved with all of the following except

CT
PET
fluoroscopy
ultrasound

A

PET

88
Q

stomach reflux disease can result in increased FDG uptake in/at

the hilar region
the gastroesophageal junction
the pyloric sphincter
the stomach fundus

A

the gastroesophageal junction

89
Q

the use of PET gating for specific applications in PET/CT scanning

reduces motion artifacts
increases scanning time
increases spatial resolution
decreases sensitivity

A

reduces motion artifacts

90
Q

the lymphatic system is not a separate system of the body, but it is considered a part of the

digestive system
hematopoietic system
circulatory system
respiratory system

A

circulatory system

91
Q

all of the following PET myocardial tracers are cyclotron produced except

O15 water
Rb82
C11 acetate
N13 ammonia

A

Rb82

92
Q

all of the following are examples of conventional diagnostic imaging procedures that evaluate normal anatomy via radiologic images except

xray
ultrasound
MRI
PET

A

PET

93
Q

the cerebellum is locates posteriorly just below the cerebrum and is responsible for the proper control of

body temperature
skeletal muscles
emotions
vision

A

skeletal muscles

94
Q

a topographic image of the body used to confirm proper patient positioning is called

blank scan
scout scan
delayed scan
rescan

A

scout scan

95
Q

the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging system that is generally used for solid tumors is not applicable to lymphoma since

lymphoma spreads in a predictable pattern

lymphoma is a rapidly progressing disease

lymphoma begins in multiple sites simultaneously

lymphoma spreads in an unpredictable pattern

A

lymphoma spreads in a predictable pattern

96
Q

Rb82 is a monovalent cationic analog of potassium and has a biologic activity similar to

Ga67
Tl201
Tc99m
F18

A

Tl201

97
Q

a pulmonary nodule is defined as a separate opacity that is entirely surrounded by lung parenchyma and has a diameter of

4 cm or less
3 cm or less
2 cm or less
1 cm or less

A

3 cm or less

98
Q

which of the following PET myocardial perfusion tracers is described as a model tracer for flow quantitation?

O15 water
Rb82
C11 acetate
N13 ammonia

A

O15 water

99
Q

all of the following diagnostic procedures can be utilized to evaluate patients with lymphoma except

Ga67 scintigraphy
bone marrow biopsy
lymphangiogram
sentinel node localization

A

sentinel node localization

100
Q

all of the following quantitative methods have been used to explore the prognostic value of FDG uptake in malignant tumors except

SUV max
tumor’s glycolytic volume
metabolic tumor volume
SUV min

A

SUV min

101
Q

which of the following components of the PET/CT protocol delivers the highest radiation dose to the patient?

topogram
low-dose CT
diagnostic CT
dose of 370 MBq of F18 FDG

A

diagnostic CT

102
Q

CT assessment of pulmonary nodules includes all of the following except

lobar and segmental localization
growth rate evaluation
metabolic lesion characteristics
size and/or volume measurements

A

metabolic lesion characteristics

103
Q

which of the following substrates, under normal conditions, are the major sources of myocardial energy?

ketone bodies and amino acids
lactate and pyruvate
free fatty acids and glucose
insulin and proteins

A

free fatty acids and glucose

104
Q

all of the following organs belong to the lymphatic system except

thymus
thyroid
tonsils
spleen

A

thyroid

105
Q

colorectal cancer imaging, when PET utilizes FDG as a tracer, is covered by medicare in all of the following settings except

screening
diagnosis
staging
restaging

A

screening

106
Q

the principal divisions of the lungs is called

segment
lobe
acinus
lobule

A

lobe

107
Q

which of the following PET cardiac tracers is an FDA approved indicator of myocardial viability?

O15 water
Rb82
N13 ammonia
F18 FDG

A

F18 FDG

108
Q

the pattern of FDG uptake in the bowel is most likely associated with a neoplastic process can be described as

segmental
diffuse
focal
absent

A

focal

109
Q

the fundamental limit of restricted spatial resolution of PET scanners is due to

the distance positrons travel before they annihilate with an electron

the non-collinearity of the pair of annihilation photons

the scanner geometry

the crystals light output

A

the non-collinearity of the pair of annihilation photons

110
Q

a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies arising from lymphocytes is called

anemia
leukemia
lymphoma
thrombocytopenia

A

lymphoma

111
Q

a breast-feeding patient referred for PET imaging should

discontinue breast-feeding for 12 hr before injection of radiotracer

discontinue breast-feeding for 6 hr before injection of radiotracer

discontinue breast-feeding for at least 6 hr after injection of radiotracer

discontinue breast-feeding for at least 12 hr after injection of radiotracer

A

discontinue breast-feeding for at least 12 hr after injection of radiotracer

112
Q

differentiated thyroid cancer is divided into

papillary and follicular
medullary and insular
anaplastic and papillary
medullary and follicular

A

papillary and follicular

113
Q

dose extravasation at the antecubital injection site can cause

ipsilateral inguinal node uptake
contralateral axillary node uptake
ipsilateral axillary node uptake
contralateral inguinal node uptake

A

ipsilateral axillary node uptake

114
Q

the portion of the large intestine that runs across the abdomen from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure is called the

sigmoid colon
transverse colon
ascending colon
descending colon

A

transverse colon

115
Q

a much higher sensitivity of PET imaging over SPECT results in all of the following except

improved noise-to-signal ratios
improved temporal resolution
shorter scanning time
improved image quality

A

improved noise-to-signal ratios

116
Q

the most common primary symptom of dementia is/are

personality changes
diminished thinking ability
changes in memory
depression

A

changes in memory

117
Q

noninvasive, accepted methods for improving the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET include all of the following except

furosemide administration in kidney tumor

stomach distension in gastric carcinoma

beta blockers in suspected brown adipose tissue uptake

valium administration in dementia imaging

A

valium administration in dementia imaging

118
Q

according to the CMS, an inconclusive test is a test whose results are NOT

equivocal

reproducible

technically uninterpretable

discordant with a patient’s other clinical data

A

reproducible

119
Q

stunned or hibernating myocardium is

nonviable
dysfunctional but viable
dysfunctional and nonviable
functional

A

dysfunctional but viable

120
Q

after completion of the FDG study, the patient’s fluid intake

should be stopped
should be continued
is not relevant
is contraindicated

A

should be continued

121
Q

the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum make up

the small intestine
the stomach
the large intestine
the rectum

A

the small intestine

122
Q

a PET quantifier, calculated as the tracer activity concentration within a volume of interest, divided by the injected dose per unit body weight is called

fractional uptake value
standardized upload value
standardized uptake value
fractional upload value

A

standardized uptake value

123
Q

for optimal patient care and interpretation of FDG PET images, the following information from the patient referred for PET scanning should be obtained except

breast-feeding info
recent surgery info
use of medication info
housing info

A

housing info

124
Q

the patient should remain relaxed and avoid talking, chewing, or hyperventilating during the uptake phase after FDG injection in order to

minimize physiologic lung uptake
minimize physiologic muscular uptake
maximize physiologic muscular uptake
maximize physiologic liver uptake

A

minimize physiologic muscular uptake

125
Q

a condition of an abnormally low number of neutrophils is called

neutrophilia
leukocytosis
neutropenia
leucopenia

A

neutropenia

126
Q

the temporal lobe is located on either side of the brain around the levels of the ears and controls the

auditory information
visual information
smell sensation
tactile sensation

A

auditory information

127
Q

PET FDG provides beneficial information in all of the following areas of lymphoma evaluation except

diagnosis
response to therapy
recurrence detection
staging

A

diagnosis

128
Q

the main source of potential radiation hazard to a breast-feeding infant of the postpartum woman undergoing PET scanning is from

ingested milk
proximity to the breast
background radiation
scanning device

A

proximity to the breast

129
Q

all of the following are well-established indications for PET functional imaging in patients with suspected recurrent colorectal carcinoma except

falling CEA levels in the absence of a known source

staging recurrent colorectal carcinoma

preoperative staging

equivocal lesion on conventional imaging

A

falling CEA levels in the absence of a known source

130
Q

anxiolytic medication given before a PET scan

includes hyperglycemia
relaxes patient
prevents hyperinsulinemia
forces diuresis

A

relaxes patient

131
Q

administration of highly concentrated intravenous agent and/or high-density barium-based oral agents during routine CT scanning will yield

overestimated SUV
unchanged SUV
underestimated SUV
SUV equal to 1

A

overestimated SUV

132
Q

the pattern of FDG uptake in the normal palatine and lingual tonsils is described as

absent
asymmetrical and increased
symmetrical and increased
asymmetrical

A

symmetrical and increased

133
Q

in quantitative PET imaging, ex, SUV calculation, the following scanner related parameters need to be corrected except

correction for random coincidences
correction for scatter coincidences
correction for effects of attenuation
correction for table speed

A

correction for table speed

134
Q

the section of the image assessed for count content reflecting either the flow of radionuclide or concentration of radionuclide in that area is called

polar map
region of interest
background region
activity curve

A

region of interest

135
Q

positrons are subatomic particles that have all of the characteristics of electrons except

mass
magnitude of charge
size
polarity of charge

A

polarity of charge

136
Q

wipe testing to detect removable contamination in each area of use must be performed

daily
weekly
biweekly
monthly

A

weekly

137
Q

the parameters as perfusion, permeability, and transit time offer an insight into the functional status of the

respiratory system
gastrointestinal system
vascular system
reproductive system

A

vascular system

138
Q

an event assigned to an LOR joining the two relevant detectors is called

an annihilation event
a random event
a coincidence event
a scatter event

A

a coincidence event

139
Q

a hormone vital to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body by causing cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood is called

inulin
parathormone
insulin
estrogen

A

insulin

140
Q

which of the following routes of FDG administration is acceptable if IV access is not available?

subcutaneous
intramuscular
oral
rectal

A

oral

141
Q

the medication given to relieve myocardial ischemia that works by causing both venous and arterial dilation is called

propanolol
aminophylline
nitroglycerine
digoxin

A

nitroglycerin

142
Q

all of the following interventions can be used to reduce urinary tract FDG activity except

furosemide administration
foley catheter placement
patient hydration
valium administration

A

valium administration

143
Q

the infiltrated dose can result in all of the following except

masked myocardial ischemia
lowered counting statistics
altered distribution of the rpx
decreased biological half-life of the rpx

A

decreased biological half-life of the rpx

144
Q

advantages of PET myocardial perfusion imaging versus SPECT include all of the following except

shorter acquisition time
higher extraction fraction of tracers
more equivocal reports
higher spatial, temporal, and contrast resolution

A

more equivocal reports

145
Q

convert 14 mCi to MBq

518 MBq
378 MBq
.518 MBq
.378 MBq

A

518 MBq

146
Q

the radiation sensitivity of a tissue is inversely proportional to the

degree of cell differentiation
distance from the source of radiation
time of radiation exposure
rate of cell proliferation

A

degree of cell differentiation

147
Q

all of the following conditions can lead to false-positive results in PET/CT scanning except

mastitis
tuberculosis
necrosis
sarcoidosis

A

necrosis

148
Q

after FDG administration, a 20-30 ml saline flush is recommended in order to

prevent the dose infiltration
reduce the dose venous retention
hydrate the patient
reduce radiation exposure

A

reduce the dose venous retention

149
Q

the y-axis of the data plotted on PET sinogram represents

the angle of orientation of the LOR

the shift of the LOR from the center of the gantry

the window of coincidence of the LOR

displacement of the LOR from the center of the FOV

A

the angle of orientation of the LOR

150
Q

diffuse, symmetric uptake of FDG observed in the thyroid gland

indicates hypothyroidism
indicates malignancy
is a normal variant
is always abnormal

A

is a normal variant

151
Q

the type of study defined as flow either per unit volume or per unit mass of tissue is called

perfusion study
bolus study
wash-in study
wash-out study

A

perfusion study

152
Q

when septa separate each crystal ring and coincidences are only recorded between detectors within the same ring and/or in closely neighboring rings the data are acquired

in hybrid mode
in 2D mode
in 3D mode
in 4D mode

A

in 2D mode

153
Q

spatial information is converted to frequency information by the mathematical process known as

fourier transform
convolution
filtering
fourier rebinning

A

fourier transform

154
Q

a graph that records the electrical activity of the heart is called

the echocardiogram
the encephalogram
the electrocardiogram
the elastogram

A

the electrocardiogram

155
Q

the whole-body dosimeter should be issued to personnel who might exceed minimum whole-body doses of

100 mr/year (1 mSv)
200 mr/year (2 mSv)
300 mr/year (3 mSv)
500 mr/year (5 mSv)

A

500 mr/year (5 mSv)

156
Q

advantages of FDG PET over conventional scintigraphy in the demonstration of infectious and inflammatory processes include all of the following except

rapid reporting

high radiation burden

superior resolution

higher lesion-to-background ratios at early time points

A

high radiation burden

157
Q

an organ, attaining its largest size at the time of puberty, gradually shrinks and almost disappears. this organ, which serves as the site of T-cell differentiation, is called

thyroid
thrombus
thymus
thalamus

A

thymus

158
Q

the pharmacologic effect of dipyridamole and adenosine, used as stress agents in patients who cannot exercise, depends on

vasoconstriction
tachycardia
vasodilation
hypertension

A

vasodilation

159
Q

when monitoring response to treatment with PET FDG imaging it is essential to obtain

baseline FDG scan
interim FDG scan
FDG scan on the last day of therapy
FDG scan two days after therapy

A

baseline FDG scan

160
Q

a low blood glucose level, accompanied by the signs and symptoms of increased activity of the autonomic nervous system and depressed activity of the CNS, is called

hypoxemia
hypothermia
hypoglycemia
hypoinsulinemia

A

hypoglycemia

161
Q

which of the following patient/lesion characteristics suggests lung malignancy?

lesion has a smooth margin on CT
patient is nonsmoker
lesion is 3 mm in size
patient has hemoptysis

A

patient has hemoptysis

162
Q

the 2010 guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) of AHA recommend in adults a compression rate of at least

120/min
100/min
80/min
60/min

A

100/min

163
Q

medicare coverage specific for FDG PET NSCLC imaging includes all of the following except

screening
diagnosis
staging
restaging

A

screening

164
Q

a CT xray tube

shields the patient from the xray
moves the patient table
rotates the scanner detectors
produces the beam of xray

A

produces the beam of xray

165
Q

in the process of interpretation and analysis of PET/CT images, a normal study with further investigations or clinical follow-up excluding focal inflammation or malignancy is called

false positive
false negative
true negative
true positive

A

true negative

166
Q

the relative variations in count densities between adjacent areas in the image of an object are called

contrast
background
noise
shadow

A

contrast

167
Q

FDG uptake by cancer cells tends to decline as

blood glucose and insulin levels decrease

blood glucose decreases and insulin increases

blood glucose and insulin increase

blood glucose increases and insulin decreases

A

blood glucose and insulin increase

168
Q

which of the following PET myocardial perfusion tracers has the highest kinetic energy?

O15 water
Rb82
F18 FDG
N13 ammonia

A

Rb82

169
Q

the pattern of FDG uptake/glucose metabolism in patients with multi-infarct dementia is characterized by the presence of

frontal hypometabolism
scattered foci of hypometabolism
occipital hypometabolism
parietemporal hypometabolism

A

scattered foci of hypometabolism

170
Q

all of the following are FDA approved cardiac PET tracers except

O15 water
Rb82
N13 ammonia
F18 FDG

A

O15 water

171
Q

fatigue, anemia, altered bowel function, and weight loss are frequently presenting symptoms of

lung cancer
brain cancer
prostate cancer
colorectal cancer

A

colorectal cancer

172
Q

the sensitivity and specificity of PET FDG imaging for detecting and characterizing malignant lung nodules greater than 1 cm are correspondingly

96% and 57%
96% and 77%
56% and 57%
56% and 77%

A

96% and 77%

173
Q

if an approximate dose received from a PET scan is 25 mSv, what is the dose in rem?

2.5 rem
250 rem
2500 rem
25000 rem

A

2.5 rem

174
Q

common causes of needle-stick injuries include all of the following except

recapping needles
disposing sharps
using luer-activated devices
accessing iv tubing with needles

A

using luer-activated devices

175
Q

pulmonary mass is defined as having any pulmonary, pleural, or mediastinal lesion seen on chest radiographs and having a diameter of

> 1 cm
2 cm
3 cm
4 cm

A

> 3 cm

176
Q

the following data are necessary for calculating SUV except

patient height
patient weight
injected dose
patient age

A

patient age

177
Q

a substance used to enhance the visibility of a structure or fluid in the body for medical imaging is called

contrast media
radiotracer
filter
buffer agent

A

contrast media

178
Q

a PET scanner parameter defined as the coincident count rate in a measurement that does not include scattered or random coincidences is called

noise equivalent count rate (NECR)
contrast
signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR)
sensitivity

A

noise equivalent count rate (NECR)

179
Q

a group of age-related symptoms involving progressive impairment of brain function resulting in diminished thinking ability, loss of memory, and personality changes is called

parkinson’s disease
dementia
schizophrenia
huntington’s disease

A

dementia

180
Q

the following types of therapy can be employed in the treatment of patients with lymphomas except

chemotherapy
radiotherapy
radioimmunotherapy
magnotherapy

A

magnotherapy

PET Study Guide (19 decks)

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