chapter 3: radiation principles and basic radiation detection devices

Question 1

T/F: the disintegration of proton-rich nuclides can be described as intermittent

Answer 1

false. it can be described as spontaneous

Question 2

beta particles are electrons that include

deuterons and positrons
negatrons and positrons
negatrons only
positrons only

Answer 2

negatrons and positrons

Question 3

a beta-plus particle has what kind of charge?

negative
positive
neutral

Answer 3

positive

Question 4

T/F: proton-rich nuclei decay by 1 of 2 mechanisms; electron capture or positron decay

Answer 4

true

Question 5

which radionuclide has the highest max MeV?

f18
c11
n13
o15
rb82

Answer 5

rb82

Question 6

which radionuclide has the lowest max MeV?

f18
c11
n13
o15
rb82

Answer 6

f18

Question 7

which radionuclide has the highest max particle range, resulting in the poorest image quality?

f18
c11
n13
o15
rb82

Answer 7

rb82

Question 8

which radionuclide has the lowest max particle range?

f18
c11
n13
o15
rb82

Answer 8

f18

Question 9

1 curie is equal to

1 dps
3x10^10 dps
3.7x10^10 dps
3.3x10^10 dps

Answer 9

3.7x10^10 dps

Question 10

1 becquerel is equal to

1 dps
10 dps
100 dps
1,000 dps

Answer 10

1 dps

Question 11

T/F: 511 keV photons are termed annihilation photos, but may still be termed gamma rays

Answer 11

false. they should not be termed gamma rays

Question 12

noncolinearity results in image blurring of about

1 mm
2 mm
3 mm
4 mm
5 mm

Answer 12

2 mm

Question 13

the dose calibrator gas is most commonly

argon
nitrogen
carbon
helium

Answer 13

argon

Question 14

which scintillation crystal has the highest light output when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 14

LYSO (tof)

Question 15

which scintillation crystal has the lowest light output when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 15

BGO

Question 16

which scintillation crystal has the fastest decay time when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 16

LSO (tof)

Question 17

which scintillation crystal has the slowest decay time when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 17

BGO

Question 18

which scintillation crystal has the highest stopping power when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 18

BGO

Question 19

which scintillation crystal has the lowest stopping power when compared to NaI(Tl)?

BGO
LSO (tof)
GSO
LYSO (tof)

Answer 19

LYSO (tof)

Question 20

the mean energy of an atom is approximately…of the max energy

one eighth
one third
one quarter
one half

Answer 20

one third

Question 21

what is the order of max range of the most commonly used radionuclides used in pet, lowest range (best image quality) to highest range (poorest image quality)?

Answer 21

f18, c11, n13, o15, rb82

Question 22

equation for decay rate

Answer 22

-dN/dt = ^N

Question 23

dN/dt represents…

Answer 23

change in the number of atoms (N) in time (dt)

Question 24

N represents…

Answer 24

number of atoms

Question 25

^ represents...

Answer 25

decay constant, which is probability of radioactive decay per unit time

Question 26

in the annihilation process, a positron is emitted from an atom at high velocity, loses energy as it collides with other atoms, then attracts a free electron and briefly forms a neutrino negatron positronium beta particle alpha particle

Answer 26

positronium

Question 27

once annihilation has occurred, the mass of the particles is absorbed into nearby atoms is absorbed into the patient is completely converted into energy is preserved

Answer 27

is completely converted into energy

Question 28

all of the following are gas-filled detectors except GM detector well counter dose calibrator ionization chamber

Answer 28

well counter

Question 29

which of the following is considered the most sensitive gas-filled detector? ionization chamber dose calibrator GM detector well counter

Answer 29

GM detector

Question 30

the gas in the dose calibrator is most commonly neon helium fluorine argon

Answer 30

argon

Question 31

which detector utilizes the gamma constant? ionization chamber GM detector dose calibrator B and C

Answer 31

dose calibrator

Question 32

which source is most accurate for use with the dose calibrator? Co57 Cs137 Ba133 Ge68

Answer 32

Ge68

Question 33

which scintillator has the shortest decay time? LSO LYSO GSO BGO

Answer 33

LSO

Question 34

which scintillator has the highest light output? BGO GSO LSO LYSO

Answer 34

LYSO

Question 35

which scintillator has the lowest effective Z number? BGO GSO LSO LYSO

Answer 35

LYSO

Question 36

the scintillation crystal in solid-state detectors is often covered by what material? lead aluminum bismuth Na(I)

Answer 36

aluminum

Question 37

photons produced from the scintillation crystal which are then detected by the PMT undergo a characteristic interaction compton scattering photoelectric effect bremmstrahlung

Answer 37

photoelectric effect

Question 38

the crystal is optically connected to the PMT with aluminum oxide powder aluminum oxide gel optical coupling gel optical coupling powder

Answer 38

optical coupling gel

Question 39

all of the following are methods to reduce the number of randoms except narrowing the coincidence timing window estimating the random fraction during image recon random fraction subtraction during image recon applying a higher calibration factor to all detectors

Answer 39

applying a higher calibration factor to all detectors