Practice Exam 2: Flashcards
What is most accurate regarding a person who has reached their pain tolerance?
“The patient cannot endure a higher level of pain intensity at this point”.
Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what?
Acute
Which of the following is most characteristic of heat stroke?
Absence of sweating despite a high core temperature
What does heat exhaustion result in? (Select all that apply.)
A need to ingest cool liquids, profuse sweating, and profound vasodilation.
Which of the following in not true about a fever?
It should be eliminated as quickly as possible.
To quickly assess a patient’s nervous system for dysfunction, what assessment should the healthcare professional perform as the priority?
Level of consciousness.
What do the clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease include? (Select all that apply.)
Bradykinesia, depression, muscle stiffness, and fragmented sleep.
A healthcare professional is planning a community event to reduce risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in high risk groups. Which group would the professional target as the priority?
Hypertension
________ stroke is often the result of hypertension
Hemorrhagic
Which of the following causes Diabetes Insipidus?
Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion.
What pathologic changes are associated with Graves’ disease?
High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins.
A healthcare professional is palpating the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves’ disease. What finding would the professional associate with this disorder?
Thyroid diffusely enlarged
A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet?
Iodine
Differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The following best describes Type 2 :
Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues.
A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experienced an episode of hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. What is the most probable cause of these symptoms?
Hypoglycemia.
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)
Lethargy, bradycardia, and constipation.
A woman has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome but is confused because her pelvic ultrasound (US) was read as “normal” and did not show cysts. What response by the health care professional is most appropriate?
“You do not need to have cysts on your ovaries to have this condition.”
In order to help prevent a preadolescent girl from developing later cervical cancer, which virus does the healthcare professional recommend vaccination against to the parent?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
In women, what is the usual site of original gonococcal infection?
Endocervical canal
A male comes to the health clinic and reports a recent exposure to gonorrhea. Where should the healthcare professional focus the physical exam on as the priority?
Urethra
Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea?
Chlamydia
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs in cycles approximately how often?
90 minutes
What are the expected changes in sleep patterns of older adults?
Older adults experience difficulty falling asleep with less time spent in REM sleep.
When comparing the effects of acute and chronic pain on an individual, chronic pain is more often what?
A factor that contributes to depression
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance?
Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system.
Why would a patient in severe shock receive vasopressin?
Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure.
Negative feedback is a process in which the end products of an action cause more of that action to occur in a feedback loop. This amplifies the original action.
False
FAST: Facial drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call 911
True
When individuals have problems maintaining blood pressure, body temperature, or blood sugar, it may because of a disease state that affects the responsible negative feedback loop.
True
A blunt-force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?
Frontal
A blunt-force injury to the forehead would result in a contrecoup injury to which region of the brain?
Occipital
What are characteristic clinical manifestations of cluster headaches?
Severe unilateral tearing and pain lasting from 30 min to 2 hr.
A patient suffered a seizure for the first time. The spouse asks the healthcare professional to explain what a seizure is. What response by the professional is best?
A sudden, explosive, disorderly discharge of brain cells.
What type of posturing indicates a severe closed head injury with all four extremities in rigid extension?
Decerebrate
Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of which part of the brain?
Basal ganglia.
Parkinson disease is a commonly occurring degenerative disorder involving deficits in which of the following?
Dopamine.
What are clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease?
Muscle stiffness, Bradykinesia, Fragmented sleep, and Depression.
How can a healthcare professional lower a patient’s body temperature by convection?
Obtain a fan and set it to blow over the patient.
What physiologic change occurs in acute hypothermia to decrease heat loss?
Peripheral vasoconstriction.
