Module 6: Practice Quizzes Flashcards
Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin
Which are characteristics of a hormone? (Select all that apply.)
Hormones are excreted by the kidneys.
Hormones affect only cells with appropriate receptors.
Hormones have specific rates and rhythms of secretion.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in a hormonal imbalance?
Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormone (TH) and is inhibited when plasma levels of TH are adequate. What is this an example of?
Negative feedback
Which answer most accurately explains why a patient who is in severe shock would receive vasopressin?
Antidiuretic hormone causes vasoconstriction to help increase blood pressure.
A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone?
Cortisol
Which of the following is an antagonist to insulin and acts to increase blood glucose during fasting, exercise, and hypoglycemia?
Glucagon
When individuals have problems maintaining blood pressure, body temperature, or blood sugar, it may be because of a disease state that affects the responsible _______ feedback loop.
negative
Which is a symptom of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
Hyponatremia
The cardinal features of SIADH are symptoms of water intoxication, which includes hyponatremia (low serum sodium), serum hypo-osmolality, and inappropriately concentrated (hyperosmolar) urine with respect to serum osmolality.
Which statement is true regarding acromegaly?
Is commonly caused by growth hormone excess
Acromegaly occurs as a result of GH hormone excess and is most commonly caused by a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
Which is a symptom of Graves disease?
Protrusion of the eyeball
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease. Its symptoms include hyperthyroidism, goiter (diffuse thyroid enlargement), ophthalmopathy (such as lid lag), and dermopathy.
Which statement is true regarding diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Accelerated gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis are present.
DKA develops when an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or an increase in insulin counterregulatory hormones is present.
Which are the classic symptoms of diabetes? (Select all that apply.)
Weight loss, Increased thirst
The classic symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and unexplained weight loss.
Which type of DM occurs when a person doesn’t produce insulin?
Type 1
Which of the following are symptoms of Addison Disease? (select all that apply)
Anorexia, Weakness, Easy fatigability
What is diabetes insipidus a result of?
Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion
Diabetes insipidus is a result of insufficient antidiuretic hormone (hyposecretion).
Why does giantism occur only in children and adolescents?
Their epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.
Giantism is related to the effects of excess growth hormones on the growth of long bones at their epiphyseal plates.
What does Graves’ disease develop from?
A thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones
The pathologic features of Graves’ disease indicate that normal regulatory mechanisms are overridden by abnormal immunologic mechanisms.
Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?
Elevation in serum glucose
Glucose accumulates in the blood and appears in the urine as the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, producing an osmotic diuresis.
What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)
Bradycardia, Lethargy, Constipation
The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion include which solute?
Sodium dilution and water retention
The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of dilutional hyponatremia and water retention.
Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?
Hypothyroidism
If the tumor exerts sufficient pressure, then thyroid and adrenal hypofunction may occur.
A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet?
Iodine
A lack of iodine can lead to hypothyroidism.
How is Type 2 diabetes mellitus best described?
Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
One of the basic pathophysiologic characteristics of type 2 diabetes is the development of insulin-resistant tissue cells.
What effect does ADH in high doses have on blood pressure?
ADH in high doses causes vasoconstriction and a resulting increase in arterial blood pressure.
What type of feedback loop is described as an inhibitory loop?
Negative feedback
This type of feedback controls how much product it makes by shutting down manufacturing when levels of output or the amount of accumulated product gets too high.
How does a faulty negative-feedback mechanism result in hormonal imbalance?
Excessive hormone production results from a failure to turn off the system.
What are the classic symptoms of diabetes? (Select all that apply)
Polydipsia, Weight loss
What condition is characterized by insufficiency of ADH, leading to polyuria and polydipsia?
Diabetes Insipidus
What levels of ADH characterize the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?
High levels of ADH in the absence of normal control mechanisms.
What feedback mechanism controls blood sugar levels after eating?
Negative feedback
The main sugar found in your blood is glucose.
What is needed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormone (TH)?
Iodide
What electrolyte should be assessed as a priority in a diabetic patient with extremely high blood sugar?
Potassium
What is the result of sodium retention and water loss in SIADH?
The symptoms of SIADH secretion are a result of sodium retention and water loss.
What is diabetes insipidus a result of?
Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion
Match the clinical manifestation with the disorder: Lethargy, hyponatremia, perhaps seizure, decreased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine.
SIADH
What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon in type 1 diabetes?
People who have type 1 diabetes have a deficit of insulin and amylin and a relative excess of glucagon.
What are the common clinical manifestations of endometriosis? (Select all that apply)
Dysmenorrhea, Infertility
Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
Failure to ovulate
Why do type 2 diabetes patients not get diabetic ketoacidosis as often as type 1 diabetes patients?
People who have type 2 diabetes make a little insulin, which goes to the liver and reduces formation of ketoacids.
True or false: Losing weight helps patients with type 2 Diabetes by reducing insulin resistance.
True
What is the difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea?
Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with prostaglandin release in ovulatory cycles. Secondary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation related to pelvic disease at any time in the menstrual cycle.
What is the difference between primary and secondary amenorrhea?
Primary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation by a specific age, while secondary amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation for a time equivalent to three or more cycles in women who have previously menstruated.
What term is used to document a condition where the foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis?
Phimosis
