Practice Exam 1: Flashcards
Because carbon monoxide’s affinity for hemoglobin is 200 times greater than that of oxygen, it quickly binds with the hemoglobin, preventing oxygen molecules from doing so. This best explains why carbon monoxide causes tissue damage.
True
Which of the following is not a true adaptive cellular response?
Dysplasia
The following is an example of _________ menopause 🡪 ovaries become dysfunctional and degenerate according to a genetically determined life span
Apoptosis
One of the most common causes of fluid volume overload:
Heart failure
The most common cause of _________ is diuretic therapy
hypokalemia
____________ of the lungs decreases CO2 in the blood, reducing acid in the blood and increasing blood pH
Hyperventilation
Analysis of ABGs can determine if there is an acid-base imbalance and if the imbalance is caused by respiratory or metabolic problems.
Metabolic causes include: (select all that apply)
Renal failure, Diabetes
_______________i s an indicator of hypoventilation from inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within the lungs.
Respiratory acidosis
___________The most common acid base disorder in hospitalized patients in general
Metabolic alkalosis
_______ syndrome, because of the Y chromosome, these individuals have male appearance but are usually sterile and develop female like breasts
Klinefelter syndrome
The main functions of NK cells include all of the following except:
Recognizing bacteria-infected cells
What plasma protein system prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues?
Clotting
What type of immunity is produced when an immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
Passive immunity
How is hypersensitivity best defined?
An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease.
A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of these?
It contains no antigens.
Despite the wide-scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, _____ remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Infectious disease
What is the most common route for distant metastasis? (Select all that apply.)
Blood and lymphatic vessels
One common scheme for staging is the World Health Organization’s:
TMN
Which statement is true regarding hypokalemia?
One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
Which statement describes acidemia?
A state in which the pH of arterial blood is less than 7.35.
Which are clinical manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
Impaired renal function, decreased insulin secretion and decreased neuromuscular excitability.
A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2) 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?
Respiratory acidosis
The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?
Lymphatic obstruction
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal process?
Hyperplasia
Why does carbon monoxide causes tissue damage, it….
Binds to hemoglobin so that it cannot carry oxygen
A person with 47, XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in which syndrome?
Klinefelter
What is an individual’s genetic makeup called?
Genotype
Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process?
To prevent infection of the injured tissue
What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site?
Coagulation
What is a role of a natural killer (NK) cells?
Elimination of malignant cells
A substance that is recognized as foreign or nonself is
antigens
Which term describes the type of immunity that occurs when preformed antibodies are transferred from a donor to a recipient?
Passive
What are characteristics of benign tumors?
Benign tumors include the suffix -oma.
It has been determined that a patient’s tumor is in stage 2. Which best describes this finding to the patient?
Cancer is locally invasive.
No current research supports steroids, antihistamines, or antidepressants as having an increased effect on the incidence of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking.
True
Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?
Human papillomavirus
Tobacco smoking is associated with which cancers? (Select all that apply.)
Lung, Kidney, Bladder, Pancreas
Which environmental factors have been shown to have the greatest significant effect on the frequency of genetic mutations in humans? (Select all that apply.)
Tobacco use, Radiation exposure, Obesity
